Academic and career plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic and career plans - Essay Example The diversity commitment at the university will allow me thrive academically and socially as I will be supported in my academic pursuits. Going through the integrative and global foundations core classes will give me the opportunity to preview what the school has to offer, enabling me to choose the right major(s). International firms such as Ernst & Young and the United Nations pique my interest as I look for career options. Considering that ninety-four percent of undergraduate students coming out of Kelley School of Business report a full time job or acceptance to graduate school within ninety days of graduation, I feel secure and confident that I will be a success in the workforce. There have been obstacles and challenges throughout my educational career. I am currently enduring challenges of meeting my college application deadlines and maintaining my school work. Sometimes I feel like giving up; however, being a student that falls in the seventy-fifth percentile in standardized test scores, it is crucial for me to do all the scholarship applications I can. While I was having the time of my life in this club, I noticed that membership, participation, and fundraising efforts were lacking. I decided to run for president in the 2013-2014 school year, with goals of increasing membership, improving communication, and conducting successful fund raising projects. My campaign was successful and I am now the FBLA president. I spent a great deal of time coming up with and executing various marketing strategies to make the name of FBLA better known all through the school, and even in the community. Our membership has increased by one-third. Our communication sources are much better; therefore, more members participate in our events. We are currently raising funds by selling â€Å"Hornet Stingers† (chicken bites) and fries at the Hillside football games, a project that has enhanced my leadership

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Example for Free

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Sun flower shop is a small flower shop at Petaling Street. The shop has got 500 square feet big only. I have got sell many flower such as sun flowers, orchid, rose, lily, daisy and etc. Then, our shop also has delivery service for customer too. Almost our flower is from Cameron highland but some is imported from oversea. I was started this business since last year December. The beginning of the business is not very good. It is very hard to preserve the business. Sometimes, I may get one or two business in a day and I was carried all the flower to the garden or in front of shopping complex to ask couple buy the flowers from me. I will never forget the period of time memory. Even though, the sky is raining, I still holding the entire flower and ran to the mall. Last month was a busy month for me. I have been did a big promotion for those couple who came to buy flower during the valentine week, such as who has bought above 12 branch of roses will get free delivery service around KL area only , who bought above 24 branch of roses will get 10 % discount and so on. The most luck is i was hired a good helper. She is very good in designing and wrapping flowers. You give her some braches of the flowers and she will make her became a very wonderful bouquet of flowers. Many customers are praising her profusely on her technique of wrapping flower and they always will come back to my shop. So, I have been earned Rm 5000 for last month and I was really happy with it. After the promotion, this month my shop business becomes more stable. Now, I have got my regular customers and business. Besides that, I would like to share good news to you. Yesterday, a boy come to my shop and ordered to send 11 branch roses to his girl friend office for one month and he also order 500 branch roses and 100 lilies for his wedding event on next 2 months. I really get shock and happy to accept this order. Then, I also have been signed agreement with him and he also agreed to pay 50% deposit first. In addition, I also have accepted some order from wedding planner company and long term to provide flowers for them. Finally, I would like tell you my new plan. I have been planned to make my shop be bigger and extensive my business. Besides that, my helper also wants to join in our business. She will invest RM 15000 in our account. So I still holding 50% of the share, you are holding the 25 % of the share and she also is holding 25% of the share. I think end of this year, I will give you the bonus and very fast you can earn back your money. If you free, you are welcome to visit us at KL. I believe I will make the business bigger and I will create a website to our shop, so that people can order through internet.

Groupware Essay -- science

Groupware A powerful requirement for businesses to effectively compete in today’s global market place is the ability for collaboration between business units, work teams and individuals. The value of collaboration is its potential to contribute toward increasing productivity, reducing costs, growing profit and improve service or product quality (Alavi, M., 1994). Technology that has been designed to support collaborative group work is referred to as groupware. This impacts on the way people communicate with each other, the way people work and even the structure of an organization. Groupware are technology based tools that facilitate groups of geographically dispersed people to share knowledge and information using computer based resources (Dennis et al., 1996). These tools allow humans to collaborate on projects where members may contribute directly or anonymously (Nunamaker et al., 1991). Groupware includes the ability to send and receive data, emails, share personal calendars, hold video conferencing and workflow management (Kilmer, 1999). Kilmer, (1999 ) states that popular products that fit into this category include Lotus Notes, email, intranet, internet, electronic conferencing and other collaborative tools. Groupware allows for new organizational design and practices. It provides new potential for how work groups or teams can enhance their coordination when performing activities and assigned tasks. Groupware technology addresses the need for collaboration, human to human interaction and builds on the latest advances in information technology. The rapid development of groupware technology means the term is not clearly defined (Lloyd, P. 1994), essentially the term refers to any computer based technology that helps a group work better collaboratively over digital media (Lloyd, P. 1994). According to Ellis et al., (1991) groupware falls into many categories from simple to complex systems. Ellis et al., (1991), distinguish two main categories when viewing groupware; time space and application level categories. Time space groupware are those tools conceived to enhance communication and collaboration within a real time interaction. The scenarios which encompass this include same time/same place, same time/different place, different time/same place and different time/different place (Ellis et al., 1991). Groupware which are classified as s... ...Across Space, Time, and Organization with Technology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. - Lloyd, P., 1994, Groupware in the 21st Century, Praeger, Westport, CT. - Maier, N, 1967, "Assets and liabilities of group problem solving: the need for an integrative function", Psychological Review, 74, 4, 239-49. - Nunamaker, J., Dennis, A., Valacich, J., Vogel, D., 1991, "Electronic meeting systems to support group work", Communications of the ACM, 34, 7, 40-61. - Pava, C, 1983, Managing New Office Technology, Free Press,, New York, NY. - SAP GLOBAL, 2005, http://www.sap.com/solutions/netweaver/enterpriseportal/featuresfunctions /knowledgemanagement.epx - Shulman, A.D, 1996, "Putting group information technology in its place: communication and good work group performance", Clegg, S.R, Hardy, C., Nord, W.R., Handbook of Organization Studies, Sage Publication,, London, 357-74. - Taylor, J.C, 1998, "Participative design: linking BPR and SAP with the STS approach", Journal of Organizational Management, 11, 13, 233-45. - Yen, D.C, Wen H.J, Binshan, L. and Chou, D.C. 1999, â€Å"Groupware: a strategic analysis and implementation†, Industrial Management & Data Systems 99/2 64–70

“One Friday Morning” by Langston Hughes Essay

The short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes is about a young African American girl, Nancy Lee, who recently moved to the north with her parents so they may provide her with a better life and schooling. Extremely talented in watercolor painting, she aspired to make that her major in college. Because of racial discrimination, she was denied the scholarship that would have been her ticket to a brighter future. Sadly, there are some people in the world that are blinded by race and forget how America was supposed to be a place with equal rights and justice for all. Langston Hughes brings in themes like racism, equal rights between human beings, racial and national pride, and of course the American dream. His biggest aim is to show the world how colored people are treated and that present day America doesn’t fulfill the American dream of all men being equal. Nancy Lee may be a colored girl, but at times she forgets she has a different skin color than the rest of her classmates. Her peers overlook her race as well, they see her as nothing but a young and talented individual. Nancy Lee painted an award winning piece of art worthy of a scholarship to an art institute. The painting was of her grandmother sitting on a park bench looking at the American flag on a bright sunny day. This represents a dream that Nancy Lee wanted to express; that all people are equal and deserve to be treated as such. Unfortunately, the art institute didn’t realize that Nancy Lee was a colored girl at the time they chose her painting. When it was made known, they decided to give the scholarship to a white student. They felt if Nancy Lee were to attend the Institute, it would cause controversy amongst others. On the day Nancy Lee was to receive the award, she was told by her principal Miss O’Shay that she would not be able to accept this essential scholarship solely because of the color of her skin. Miss O’Shay regrettably informed Nancy Lee that â€Å"When the committee learned that you were colored, they changed their plans† (Hughes 5). Miss O’Shay did her best to encourage Nancy Lee not to give up and to fight for her dreams. In the story they compare Miss O’Shay with abolitionists and the first white teachers who went to the Deep South to teach the freed slaves. Nancy Lee looked up at her principal and noticed the bright spring day through the open window that resembled her painting. This is a metaphor for the close proximity of the utopia depicted in her art that would have no discrimination and in which all people would be treated equally. (expand on this idea!) At the weekly assembly, Nancy Lee took her seat along with three thousand other students. She turned her head and said the pledge to the flag, a symbolism of freedom and equal rights with â€Å"†¦liberty and justice for all†. She then decided that even though she’s not receiving the scholarship that was rightfully hers, she’s determined to â€Å"fight to see that these things don’t happen to other girls as this has happened to me. And men and women like Miss O’Shay will help me† (Hughes 6). This shows that Nancy Lee isn’t willing to accept that the scholarship was withdrawn simply because of her race, and that with help from people like Miss O’Shay, she is going to start a revolution to make sure that this won’t happen in the future to people like her. Discrimination is all around us; everyone is discriminated against at one point in his or her life. Langston Hughes, an African-American writer, wrote the short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† to describe the experience of one particular girl who was discriminated in her school because she was colored. Life brings many disappointments, all of which make a person stronger. Unfortunately, there will always be discrimination, as it is a part of life. This story is a great example of seeing someone being discriminated against while putting the reader in the main character’s shoes to feel what it feels like to be them. Discrimination occurs for many reasons. A good reason is we become wiser from it and realize that no one deserves to be treated unfairly. From her personal experiences, Nancy Lee will go on to motivate other people to move closer to achieving the high ideal extolled in the Pledge of Allegiance. â€Å"†¦one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.†

Acquaint yourself with the characters in the story Essay

Read through the story and write down a few points that summarise the plotof the story. Acquaint yourself with the characters in the story. plot The structure of the storyline, the way in which the action develops. This will usually include the settings, the development of character, crisis or climax and resolution   The plot is about two young people, Sandra and Kerry, who belong to the Good Neighbours’ Club.   They go to do volunteer work at Mrs Rutter’s house. She is an elderly lady who lives past Packer’s End, a field that was said to be haunted. Sandra is not pleased that it is Kerry she is working with, as she had hoped it would be her friend, Susie.   After some time, Mrs Rutter tells them the story of what really happened at Packer’s End during the war.   An enemy plane was shot down over the field and she and her sister (Dot) went to investigate the crash.   They found the plane, but also found one of the soldiers in it still alive.   Because it was the enemy and because her own husband had been killed in the war, Mrs Rutter leaves the soldier to die overnight. When they arrive at the scene the next morning, he is still alive, but they don’t get any help for him. * The young people are shocked by what she tells them and Sandra suddenly sees Mrs Rutter in a new light, but she also sees Kerry in a new light. Sandra She is a young girl who is a volunteer at the Good Neighbour’s Club. She tells us that she is â€Å"nervy† and we see this when she walks past Packer’s End. She describes how when she was younger she had thought there were wolves and witches and tigers in the wood. This changed and when she was about twelve she heard that a German plane had gone down there, but had also heard stories about gypsies and rapists. She is a conventional young girl who would like to have a â€Å"bit of a giggle† with her friend, Susie, and is disappointed that Kerry Stevens with his â€Å"blacked licked-down hair and slitty eyes† was joining her at Mrs Rutter’s. Kerry is described in detail in lines 135 – 139. What does this description suggest to you? It is mostly about his appearance – acne, pale flesh – all that Sandra is concerned with is his appearance at first. This changes at the end of the story. She doesn’t know how Kerry can stand having dirt and grime under his nails from working on cars and â€Å"she thought of oily workshop floors, of the fetid underside of cars† (line 207). She thinks that Mrs Rutter will be old and kind and thinks that â€Å"old Mrs Rutter with her wonky leg would be ever so pleased to see them because they were really sweet, lots of the old people† (lines 93 – 94). Mrs Rutter She is seen at first to be a typical old lady who lives at Nether Cottage and is described as â€Å"a dear old thing, all on her own† (lines 4 – 5). Her behaviour and the setting of the cottage (see Setting) portray her as ordinary. She is described as â€Å"a cottage-loaf of a woman, with a face below which chins collapsed into one another, a creamy smiling pool of a face in which her eyes snapped and darted† (lines 97 – 99). This description of her appearance certainly doesn’t convey anything but a gentle old woman. Kerry Stevens He is a typical teenage boy with acne and â€Å"blacked licked-down hair† who is pleased when he gives Sandra a fright when they meet at Packer’s End. He is shocked by Mrs Rutter’s story and vows never to go â€Å"near that old bitch again† (line 364). Setting Packer’s End and Nether Cottage are where the story takes place. Packer’s End is described as a scary place where dreadful things have happened – â€Å"You didn’t go by yourself through Packer’s End if you could help it, not after teatime, anyway† (lines 30 – 31). Nether Cottage is described as being filled with sweet ornaments and pictures. Look at the description in lines 101 – 105 and try to imagine what the room looked like. Does this tell us anything about Mrs Rutter? The room is cluttered, but quite homely. The ornaments are all of rabbits and kittens and milkmaids and children – these are hardly sinister. She comes across as someone who likes collecting memorabilia Look at the description in lines 144 – 145 â€Å"a composite chintzy mass from which the cushions oozed and her voice flowed softly on. † This is a cosy description which portrays her as a nice old woman. The structure of this story relies on the reader ‘getting to know’ Mrs Rutter as a gentle woman who lives alone and is quite helpless because of her â€Å"wonky leg†. When she does tell us the horrific story of the plane going down and her and Dot’s failure to save the man who is still alive, it becomes all the more horrific and we realise, with Sandra, that people are not always what they seem and that there is definitely â€Å"darkness out there. † This makes the realisation that much more startling and effective. â€Å"Everything is not as it appears, oh no† (line 384). We are also then able to comprehend why Sandra sees such a change in Kerry. The change in Kerry is also well set up as in the beginning, from Sandra’s descriptions, we are led to believe that he is not special and yet at the end Sandra says things like â€Å"He had grown; he had got older and larger. His anger eclipsed his acne, the patches of grease on his jeans, his lardy midriff†¦ † (lines 373 – 375). Look at the last two paragraphs: pick out the images of darkness. How do these images link to the story and to the title? â€Å"You could get people wrong and there was a darkness that was not the darkness of tree shadows and murky undergrowth†¦ † (lines 375 – 377) â€Å"†¦and the next you glimpsed darkness, an inescapable darkness. The darkness was out there and it was a part of you and you would never be without it, ever. † (lines 380 – 382) These quotations refer to darkness, because the speaker in the story has just glimpsed inescapable darkness herself in the form of Mrs Rutter. This has changed the way she thinks about other people and the way in which she will view the world from now on. She says it will be with her for ever and she will never be without it now that she knows what it is. She will never be able to see a person, no matter how nice and innocent they look, as just that. This story deals with a young girl’s realisation about life. Her whole outlook on life changes at the end of the story. Choose one other story in the anthology that deals with this issue and show how the authors present this issue to us. Describe what the issue is and look at how their characters deal with it. (A good comparison would be Superman and Paula Brown’s Snowsuit. ) Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Five Things the Pulps Can Teach Us About Making More Money as a Writer

Five Things the Pulps Can Teach Us About Making More Money as a Writer From the early 1930s to the late 1950s, hundreds of writers churned out thousands of stories in cheap magazines printed on yellow pulp paper for a hungry audience craving action, adventure, mystery, romance and thrills. Writing for often less than a penny a word, these writers produced the equivalent of two or three 40,000 word manuscripts per month! And that work ethic can help todays writers be more productive and profitable. Here are five things these famous (or sometimes infamous) writers from the golden age of the pulps can teach us about making more money as a writer in today’s changing publishing industry. Thing #1. Write faster When guys like Walter Gibson (creator of The Shadow) and Lester Dent (creator of Doc Savage) needed 40,000 words turned in every month, they didn’t mess around. They learned how to write fast, because the faster they could write, the more fiction they could churn out, and the more they could get paid. Traditional publishing, with its long time to market for books, used to punish writers for being fast, but thanks to self-publishing, those attitudes are changing. Your readers are out there starving for what you write. If you make them wait, they’ll just go read somebody else, and they might forget about you. Don’t give them that chance! Thing #2: Write more books I know what you’re thinking. You probably have a day job, a family, and other time commitments, and you’re doing good to finish one book a year. But you don’t have to already be a bestselling author free of the day job before you can churn out more work in a calendar year. I’ve met plenty of writers who were able to put out three books a year, with very demanding full time jobs. You can do it, too. Just try to work up to writing 1,000 words a day, seven days a week, and in a year’s time you’ll have amassed at least three novels’ worth of first drafts! Thing #3: Write shorter books Admittedly, this is a bit harder to get away with than it used to be, depending on the genre you write. To charge the purchase prices big publishers need to turn a profit on each of their titles, they’ve demanded more and more words from their authors over the years. But thanks to self-publishing and ebooks, word count isn’t as important as it once was. Your readers won’t feel short-changed if the story they just read was 50K or 180K words, as long as they enjoyed it. Thing #4: Write different genres Writing the same thing all the time gets old pretty quickly, so branch out. If you’ve been writing period romance for a while, give a mystery a try. Genre hopping will keep you fresh and your work feeling new. Worried about alienating your readers?   Use a penname for the new genre. Thing #5: Write a series Publishing today has only rather recently latched on to the notion that pulp hacks - and pulp readers - have known for more than a century: People love a good series. A stroll down the aisle at your local bookstore reveals dozens of series in every genre, from epic fantasy to paranormal romance to thrillers. Readers just cant get enough of characters like Easy Rawlins, Jack Reacher, or Sandman Slim. Writing a series lets you really get to know the characters, making them easier to write. There you go, a few tricks of the pulp trade that can help you be a writing success today. Now go write!

Mary Osgood Biography

Mary Osgood Biography Known for:  accused of witchcraft, arrested and imprisoned in the 1692  Salem witch trials Age at time of Salem witch trials:  about 55 Dates:  about 1637 to October 27, 1710 Also known as: Mary Clements Osgood, Clements was also written as Clement Before the Salem Witch Trials We have little information other than basic civil records for Mary Osgood before 1692. She was born in in Warwickshire, England and came to Andover, Massachusetts province in about 1652. In 1653, she married John Osgood Sr. who had been born in Hampshire, England and arrived in Massachusetts about 1635.  John Osgood owned considerable land in Andover and was a successful husbandman. They had 13 children together: John Osgood Jr. (1654-1725), Mary Osgood Aslett (1656-1740), Timothy Osgood (1659-1748), Lydia Osgood Frye (1661-1741), Constable Peter Osgood (1663-1753), Samuel Osgood (1664-1717), Sarah Osgood (1667-1667), Mehitable Osgood Poor (1671-1752), Hannah Osgood (1674-1674), Sarah Osgood Perley (1675-1724), Ebenezer Osgood (1678-1680), Clarence Osgood (1678-1680), and Clements Osgood (1680-1680). Accused and Accuser Mary Osgood was one of a group of Andover women arrested in early September, 1692. According to a petition after the trials were over, two of the afflicted girls were summoned to Andover to diagnose an illness of Joseph Ballard and his wife.  Local residents, including Mary Osgood, were blindfolded and then made to lay hands on the afflicted. If the girls fell down in fits, they were arrested.  Mary Osgood, Martha Tyler, Deliverance Dane, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson, and Hannah Tyler were taken to Salem Village, immediately examined there, and pressured to confess.  Most did.  Mary Osgood confessed to afflicting Martha Sprague and Rose Foster as well as various other deeds. She implicated others including Goody Tyler (either Martha or Hannah), Deliverance Dane, and Goody Parker.  She also implicated Rev. Francis Dean who was never arrested. Motives for Her Arrest She was accused with a group of women from Andover. They may have been targeted because of their wealth, power, or success in town, or because of association with Rev. Francis Dane (his daughter-in-law Deliverance Dane was in the group arrested and examined together). Fight for Release Her son, Peter Osgood, was a constable who, with Mary’s husband, Captain John Osgood Sr., helped pursue her case and get her released. On October 6, John Osgood Sr. joined with Nathaniel Dane, husband of Deliverance Dane, to pay 500 pounds for the release of two children of Nathaniel’s sister, Abigail Dane Faulkner.  On October 15, John Osgood Sr. and John Bridges paid a bond of 500 pounds for the release of Mary Bridges Jr. In January, John Osgood Jr. joined again with John Bridges, paying a bond of 100 pounds, for release of Mary Bridges Sr. In a petition, undated but probably from January, more than 50 Andover neighbors signed on behalf of Mary Osgood, Eunice Fry, Deliverance Dane, Sarah Wilson Sr., and Abigail Barker, attesting to their likely innocence and their integrity and piety. The petition stressed that their confessions were made under pressure and were not to be trusted. In June of 1703, another petition was entered on behalf of Martha Osgood, Martha Tyler, Deliverance Dane, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson, and Hannah Tyler to gain their exoneration. After the Trials In 1702, Mary Osgood’s son, Samuel, married Deliverance Dane’s daughter Hannah. Marty was later released from jail, probably on bond, and died in 1710.

Which Tools Improve Your Chances

Which Tools Improve Your Chances Whether you are freelancing or penning the next great American novel, these days the Internet slings hundreds of tools, clubs, databases and short-cuts at you, all filled with promises. They claim to make your journey easier, more profitable, give you access to people youd never meet otherwise. What you dont realize is that many of them are simply attempting to make a buck off your eagerness. Writers crave publication with a passion. So much so that they often lose the ability   to judge efficiency. Writers also crave camaraderie, and all too often these groups give writers a sense of membership. I-feel-your-pain type of stuff. These online tools prey on both of those urges. They can steal your goals, making you focus more on the tool than the prize. Oyster is shutting its doors. So is Authonomy. I just watched two publications change from paper and electronic to purely electronic, all in the name of we meant to from the start or its to save the environment. Any tool out there exists to make a dollar, just like you. Theres nothing wrong with some of these tools, if you accept them as working for you, not vice versa. You should feel you get what you pay for, not feel that the tool will sculpt you into something youre not. You also dont need all those tools. A handyman may have a warehouse full of tools, but the majority of those he needs fits in his truck. Why should he invest into so many tools if he cannot see where they improve his productivity, success, and income? Nothing beats hard work and research. Or word-of-mouth from those whove gone before you. Dont become so entrenched in tools, clubs, and services that if they disappeared tomorrow, youd feel unable to continue. Recognize them for what they are. Choose the few that nurture your goal but dont distract you from it, and then strike out. Write and submit. Promote and publish. And be able to trek on no matter what tool decides to fold because its nary more than a tiny wrinkle in your pursuit of your craft.

Omega 3 fatty acids (and their role) in Nutrition Research Paper

Omega 3 fatty acids (and their role) in Nutrition - Research Paper Example These are termed essential fatty acids, because they are mandatory nutrients for health, but cannot be synthesized by the body. There is a general scientific consensus that the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids should be greater than that of omega-6. The parent fatty acid of omega-3 fatty acids is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). ALA Â  is converted in the body to the fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for further metabolism. (NIH, 2005). A study of the functions of omega-3 fatty acids, the dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, the adverse effects of fatty acid deficiency, and the role of these fatty acids in the prevention of disease, reveals that the intake of omega-3 fatty acids through food and nutritional supplements is of paramount importance to good health. Omega-3 fatty acids perform several important functions. EPA produces hormone-like agents called eicosanoids, which regulate physiological processes. EPA is concerned with cell division and growth, blood clotting, muscle activity, secretion of digestive juices and hormones, and the permeability and flexibility of the cell membranes. It also reduces inflammatory responses. DHA is an essential contributor to brain function and development. The brain synapses show a concentration of DHA, indicating that it plays a role in signal transmission in the nervous system. DHA also produces resolvins, which reduce inflammation in the brain. (NIH, 2005). In addition, DHA plays an important role in vision, regulating the development and function of the retina. Another function of omega-3 fatty acids is in the regulation of gene expression, particularly in the metabolism of fatty acids and inflammation. (Higdon, 2012). The richest food sources of ALA are flaxseed oil (I tablespoon = 7.3 g) and walnuts (1 ounce = 2.6 g). Other dietary sources are canola oil, soybean oil, mustard oil and tofu. However, as ALA has to be converted into EPA and DHA,

Classroom of Future Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classroom of Future - Research Paper Example (Shahril, 2011) The classroom is an important environment that transforms many students’ different fields of proffessionalism.Recent research has proved that there is a relationship between their performance and the classroom facilities. Normally, the classroom facilities affect students’ attendance and academic performance. Therefore, taking care of classroom facilities improve the level of student performance in the classroom. Additionally, the classroom often reflects the correlation between the students and their teachers. (Schneider, 2002) According Shahril (2011), he stated that it is important to understand not only what is coming next but also where classrooms started. Throughout history, classrooms have undergone much of technological changes. The purpose of this paper therefore is to describe those changes and then visualize the future changes of the classroom. The classroom has changed a lot since the past. There are three main periods from the early days that helped build the education system that we currently have. The first colonial period was between the 1600’s to 1700’s. The second period was from the American Revolution to the Civil War which was approximately a 70 year period from 1791-1861. (Anderson, 1962).The Information age came next from mid 1900s to the early 2000s. (Lackney &Tanner, 2006) In the colonial period the classroom were very small and only consisted of a single roomed building most likely with log walls, a dirt floor and wax windows. For chairs they would split a log in half and attach branches to the bottom to create a chair. Educational equipment was very scarce and expensive, most of them were homemade consisting of quill pens and boil down bark to make ink. (Anderson, 1962) Between the American Revolution and the civil war, the classroom transformed and became better since classrooms had blackboards, slates and maps. The furniture and architecture also improved greatly. During

How do quality management systems impact on revenue in the hospitality Research Paper

How do quality management systems impact on revenue in the hospitality industry - Research Paper Example It has been prophesied time and again by various scholars through various studies what Roberts found in 1996 â€Å"businesses who know and understand customers’ priorities for quality improvements can achieve a threefold increase in profitability† (Dale, 2003).This study has been carried out from the revenue generation context of quality systems implementation for hospitality industry. How the various elements of quality help in achieving the increased profitability needs to be analyzed. It is also important to see whether the concepts that help achieve visible improvements in manufacturing sector also produce profitability improvement worth the effort they involve in the hospitality sector or not. 2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2.1. Research questions identified The major questions which this research aims to answer are - What is the impact of implementing quality management systems in hospitality industry? How do these systems impact the revenues? What are the efforts involved in implementing these systems and are the resources required to implement quality systems justified by the value of the revenues generated? 2.2. Research Aims and Research Objectives The aim of this study is to see how quality management systems impact revenue in the hospitality industry. Study objectives are as follows: 1. To study how quality management systems are implemented in hospitality industry – a general study of the companies. 2. To understand how the quality management systems impacted the parameters of financial performance (a study of the various parameters they impact as well as the means of this impact). 3. To measure the impact... This research paper shows that quality management systems have positive impact on revenues of hospitality industry. It has been observed that this has been achieved by improved market share, brand image, ROI and competitive positioning. However, some concerns regarding the impact of these systems on overall performance of the firms have been highlighted. One of the concerns is the sincerity of implementation of quality management systems within the firms. The industry leaders need to understand that they are the main drivers of change which these systems propose to bring about. Hence, a commitment of words or even documented commitment is not sufficient. The leadership team needs to be thoroughly involved in its implementation. They need to have a quality vision to help firms achieve both revenue and cost benefits. Half hearted efforts, especially in the industry of our study, have found to have a negative impact on operational performance. Our literature review has analyzed all the aspects related to the questions set out in the beginning of our study. Hospitality organizations implement quality management systems by applying for certifications like ISO 9000, etc. or by internal process improvement programs. Some companies in this sector were seen to implement Six Sigma methodologies to reap revenue benefits. Most of the successful organizations in this sector have implemented full computerization which helps the management in analyzing revenue versus cost factors.

Medical uses of algae Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Medical uses of algae - Research Paper Example They include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Algae both live and dead are being used by the humans. The fossil algal diatomite deposits in the shape of light but strong rocks are used as building materials and filtration media in water purification systems and swimming pools. Some fossil algae like Botryococcus are sources oil-rich deposits. Some other species of green algae are grown for obtaining bio chemicals for applications in medicine and cosmetics. The nuisance blue-green algae have beneficial uses especially Spirulina which is used as dietary supplement. The blue-green algae are better known as fresh water nuisance organisms which form as dense blooms affecting human activities through toxins generated by them, by clogging water courses and affecting recreational activities (Bellinger and Sigee). Alage has been described as organisms containing chlorophyll made up of one cell or grouped together in colonies or with many cells and at times joining together as simple tissues. Their sizes vary from unicellular of 3-10 um microns to giant kelps up to 70 mg long capable of growing 50 cm per day. They are found all over the earth in the sea, rivers, and lakes, also on soils and walls, in animal and plants (as symbionts-partners collaborating together) and it can just grow anywhere where light is available to conduct photosynthesis. Thus, alage are heterogeneous and identified in two major types: microalgae and microalgae. Microalgae grow in bentheic and littoral habitats and also in the ocean waters as Phytoplankton that comprises species such as diatoms, (bacillariophyta), dinoflagellates (dinophyta), green and yellow-brown flagellates (Chlorophyta; prasino-phyta; prymnesiophyta; cryptophyta, chrysophyta and rhaphdiophyta) and blue-green algae (cyano-phyta) (Gamal 1). Microalgal phyla provide chemical and pharmacological compounds besides bioactive compounds of marine resources back to compounds marine

Materialism and Social Well-Being Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Materialism and Social Well-Being - Essay Example Just like any other issue within society, the issue of materialism faces both negative and positive criticism as will be revealed as we proceed by my research. Social well-being on the other hand is an end result state, in which human needs are met, most especially the basic human needs, bearing in mind that the not so wealthy also make up a considerably huge portion of the entire population. Social well-being also considers a fact that the people involved, even in the wider picture, are able to coexist peacefully and harmoniously in the community tending to even show signs and opportunities of the general public growing. It is common to hear or maybe participate in debates arguing upon how materialism in society affects the social wellbeing of the same. I set out to research a much similar case in which the main argument covered is whether or not materialism or what would in other terms be considered as income inequality in a country would or wouldn’t bring down and deteriora te the social well-being level of persons in the same country. It’s a common scenario to see a variation in individual’s lifestyles throughout the society. ... It came out clear that in the western countries, as well as in the UK and its environs, social well-being has faced increased collapse of intergenerational mobility. It is proven that, in developed countries such as the U.S. and the United Kingdom, the young youth, as well as children live a totally contrasting life to that of their parents and grandparents. It is evident that these children grow with very little expectation to improve from the condition in which they were born. In this case, the poor stay poor and the trend continues. Those individuals whom we could refer to as financially stable are in most cases ruled by materialism. This escalates to levels that, it comes a point when every decision they make is materialistic in nature at least to a certain extent. This only results to further degradation of the morals in society, as social well-being is given less consideration every time. Social well-being is best showed when members in a society or an entire community show emp athy towards their fellow members. In view of the current life styles as mentioned above, it is only true to say that there is an inverse relationship between materialism and social well-being. This is in that, individuals who have very high regard for material wealth or else those individuals and parties whom are considered to be materialistic in nature, tend to have little or no regard for social well-being on the other hand. They view with less regard issues concerning others and could at times be deemed to be selfish. It also works vice versa, that individuals who treasure and have high regard for social well-being, have little or no interest in material wealth. Social well-being also sees to it that the general state of affairs meets the basic needs of the populace.

The benefits of nuclear energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The benefits of nuclear energy - Essay Example Bruno Comby considers that nuclear energy to replace the other energy sources especially fossil fuels including coal, natural gas and petroleum and in this way serve as a clean, safe, efficient and reliable energy source, whilst ensuring the conservation of the environment. Comby mentions that there are several renewable energy sources which are being tried out nowadays including wind, solar and tidal energy, but the same cannot be used to meet the mass requirements and with the global environment crisis may not be efficient to lower the carbon dioxide levels and control pollution. He considers that there would be no other alternatives but the use of nuclear technology. He also considers that the opposition to the use of nuclear technology for power generation would be the biggest mistake of human civilisation. Currently more than 85% of the world power is generated from fossil fuels. This releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. He feels that countries like Indi a and China which account for one-third of the earth’s pollution should take up a strategy to use nuclear fuel immediately and conserve the environment by prevention of using fossil fuels. Using wind power requires a several areas to be deforested and the use of bio fuel would have place additional pressure on the agricultural sector to produce yield for fuel. Comby also addressed the problem of nuclear accidents that have occurred in the USA (Three Mile Island 1979) and the Chernobyl incident in 1986 (USSR). He felt that though the Three Mile Island incident was hyped, it was a good example of how to prevent a nuclear disaster. On the other hand, regarding Chernobyl he felt that the same was avoidable if proper precautions had been taken by the Russian authorities. In all, he feels that in spite of the 2 major and a few minor incidents, there have been very few incidents with the use of nuclear energy for

Materialism and Social Well-Being Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Materialism and Social Well-Being - Essay Example Just like any other issue within society, the issue of materialism faces both negative and positive criticism as will be revealed as we proceed by my research. Social well-being on the other hand is an end result state, in which human needs are met, most especially the basic human needs, bearing in mind that the not so wealthy also make up a considerably huge portion of the entire population. Social well-being also considers a fact that the people involved, even in the wider picture, are able to coexist peacefully and harmoniously in the community tending to even show signs and opportunities of the general public growing. It is common to hear or maybe participate in debates arguing upon how materialism in society affects the social wellbeing of the same. I set out to research a much similar case in which the main argument covered is whether or not materialism or what would in other terms be considered as income inequality in a country would or wouldn’t bring down and deteriora te the social well-being level of persons in the same country. It’s a common scenario to see a variation in individual’s lifestyles throughout the society. ... It came out clear that in the western countries, as well as in the UK and its environs, social well-being has faced increased collapse of intergenerational mobility. It is proven that, in developed countries such as the U.S. and the United Kingdom, the young youth, as well as children live a totally contrasting life to that of their parents and grandparents. It is evident that these children grow with very little expectation to improve from the condition in which they were born. In this case, the poor stay poor and the trend continues. Those individuals whom we could refer to as financially stable are in most cases ruled by materialism. This escalates to levels that, it comes a point when every decision they make is materialistic in nature at least to a certain extent. This only results to further degradation of the morals in society, as social well-being is given less consideration every time. Social well-being is best showed when members in a society or an entire community show emp athy towards their fellow members. In view of the current life styles as mentioned above, it is only true to say that there is an inverse relationship between materialism and social well-being. This is in that, individuals who have very high regard for material wealth or else those individuals and parties whom are considered to be materialistic in nature, tend to have little or no regard for social well-being on the other hand. They view with less regard issues concerning others and could at times be deemed to be selfish. It also works vice versa, that individuals who treasure and have high regard for social well-being, have little or no interest in material wealth. Social well-being also sees to it that the general state of affairs meets the basic needs of the populace.

Slang and Its Relation to Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Slang and Its Relation to Society - Essay Example Slang words or phrases were met with aversion and displeasure, as opposed to nowadays when people find no hesitation in using slang expressions in everyday conversations. Some used to believe that words like gambler and conundrum should be forbidden1. During the Middle Ages, where there was a great deal of difference in pronunciations between many regions, was when the word ‘slang’ actually came into being. It was unlike the slang we use today because then it only represented the various ways in which the people delivered their speech in the same language. Then in the 16th century, the English Criminal Cant came into being, which was the language mostly used by convicts, and was more close to the slang we use today. Gradually, this form of communication became popular and was believed to be a language without reason or order2. But as time passed, slang began to develop. Scholars such as Walt Whitman regarded anything that sounded new, as slang. It gained popularity and w as no longer deemed as the language of thugs or foreigners and also caught the attention of popular writers. In today’s world, slang is mostly used by subculture groups whose members want to appear distinct from others. They use certain codes and terms which are regarded as slang and can only be understood by the people belonging to their group. It separates them from the common population and somehow deepens their affiliation with the group. By using their own informal way of conversing, they feel a sense of belonging and attachment to the other members. Each subculture group has its own slang. Whether it’s the doctors, lawyers, teenagers or criminal, all of them have their own way of communicating with each other, and it acts as a distinguishing factor between them. Medical slang is the kind used by doctors and their staff, to converse among themselves, without letting the patient or other people know what they are talking about. ‘What’s up?’ is a n extremely popular slang used widely by people of all ages? It is used to merely learn what the other person is up to. Slang has become significantly popular among criminals and drug dealers. As they have to keep their conversations restricted and private in the presence of other people, an extensive list of slang phrases has been created by them to replace the standard terms. In Oliver Twist of Charles Dickens, the conspirator is named Fagin. Therefore from then on, Fagin has become parallel to a partner in crime. Gamblers and dealers have also come up with their own slang expressions. A gambler might use various terms to notify his fellow team player of the current status of the game or what move the person will be making next. Slang has been described as verbal invention keeping in mind the cultural framework3. Although slang has gained popularity over time, even today it has mixed views amongst the masses. Some consider as useful and applicable in almost any situation, while ot hers consider it as rebellious. People who support slang often consider it as a reflection of the intelligence and witticism of the person who uses it and senses it as a clever variation in the standard language. Other people, however, criticize the use of slang and believe that it ruins the impression one person has on the other.

Employee of the Month Essay Example for Free

Employee of the Month Essay Zack Bradley, a box boy at Super Club, a Price Club/Costco/Sam’s Club type store. He’s more than content with his life as a box boy. He lives with his grandmother, hangs out with his buddies in their homemade lounge in the center of the store’s shopping racks, trades away dented goods, and gets along with just about everyone. In fact, there’s only one person Zack can’t seem to get along with: lead cashier Vince Downey (Dax Shepard), the epitome of retail world brown nosing. Vince has been employee of the month at Super Club for seventeen months straight and winning the eighteenth time means big prizes (including a â€Å"newish† Chevy Malibu) and a promotion. Usually that title wouldn’t mean anything to a slacker like Zack, but when the new hot cashier Amy (Jessica Simpson) appears on the scene with rumors that she goes for employee of the month, Zack decides to give Vince some competition. This is, at its heart, an underdog film, which I almost always enjoy to some degree. Zack is constantly trod upon by Vince’s overwhelmingly good luck. Even when Zack and his friends try to get the best of the big suck up, something good happens for the egotistical wonder that allows him to come out ahead. It’s a real testament to the power of positive thinking once you learn that Vince sees his job as a big success (â€Å"why climb a mountain when you can win the land race? † he asks) while Zack knows his job sucks but took it as a way not to hurt anyone after a business failure cost his grandmother her retirement savings; Vince thinks well so he does well, Zack doesn’t. But really it’s a way of making the audience really want Vince to get his comeuppance, and feel a great sense of satisfaction once he begins to. With a cast comprised of stand-up comedians, singer turned actors, and former Ashton Kutcher â€Å"Punk’d† assistants one doesn’t exactly expect Oscar caliber acting from Employee of the Month, however the performances aren’t terrible either. Dane Cook acts as a subdued Ryan Reynolds which is exactly what this role needs. Reynolds’ normal antics would be too much for the tempo of this movie. Jessica Simpson only has the demand of being attractive and an object of desire; a role she fills perfectly, although a few of her lines are still wince-worthy. Dax Shepherd is a bit over the top in the villain role, but it works. The true standout performances come from the supporting comedic roles, filled with actors like Andy Dick, Harland Williams, Brian George, Tim Bagley, and Napoleon Dynamite’s Pedro, Efren Ramirez. With a cast able to capture laughs in just about every direction, the film keeps the audience snickering, if not making them laugh a little louder. Indeed, Employee accomplishes more chuckles with a little subtlety than with its attempts at the big laughs, although there are more than a few of those. Observant audience members will notice just how much the employees of Super Club abuse the store’s merchandise, from using broken products as bargaining chips to having gallon buckets of ice cream and massive bags of chips in their homes. People willing to consider the movie even further will find hilarity in the way the employees of Super Club treat their retail jobs so seriously, as if cleaning up that spill or the speed of a cashier’s pass-through rate really matters. Dane Cook and Dax Shepard may not offer the best underdog comedy this year, and the movie certainly doesn’t stand up to Wedding Crashers (which shared the same producers as the advertisements are more than happy to remind everyone) but it’s still an enjoyable, silly little comedy. Consider it along the same guilty pleasure lines as Jingle All the Way or Dodgeball or a more viewer friendly version of that Steve Carell comedy. It’s good for lighthearted fun, just don’t expect any life changing experience watching two store clerks competing for the grand title of Employee of the Month.

Research on early fathers and mothers involvement and childs later educ

In 2004, the British Journal of Educational Psychology releases a report on a research that was conducted by Eirini Flouri and Ann Buchanan dealing with the correlation of early interaction of parents and the future assessment of their children in school. Previous to this article, little research was given to the individual long-term contribution that early parent involvement had in a child’s success in school. Flouri and Buchanan had three particular goals in mind while completing this research: (1) To explore the role of early father involvement in children's later educational attainment independently of the role of early mother involvement and other confounds, (2) to investigate whether gender and family structure moderate the relationship between father's and mother's involvement and child's educational attainment, and (3) to explore whether the impact of father's involvement depends on the level of mother's involvement (www.Ingentaselect.com). The study was provoked by t he considerable amount of research presented by the United States that suggested that early father involvement would lead to positive outcomes in children; Flouri and Buchanan wanted to evaluate if this was the case in the United Kingdom (www.literacytrust.org.uk). The researchers had positivistic basis for obtaining their study. It was solely an attempt to reveal patterns and regularities dealing with the subject manner. They gave a secondary analysis of work that was deductive of longitudinal data coll...

Walker & Everyday Use Essay -- essays research papers

Many times an author draws from his or her personal life and incorporates his or her past into the short story. Alice Walker is one of the most respected, well-known African-American authors of her time. Alice Walker experienced a lifetime of hardship that would influence her later works, helping her to become such an astonishing author. In her short story "Everyday Use", Walker tells the story of her heritage and enables the reader to encounter the values in her life. On February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Willie Lee and Minnie Grant gave birth to their eighth child; a precious little girl whom they named Alice. As an extremely intelligent child Alice was always exploring the world around her. "She said that one of her favorite pastimes in the world was 'people watching.'" (http://members.tripod.com/chrisdanielle/alicebio_1.html). When Walker was eight years old, she and her brother were playing a game of cowboys and Indians outside when Alice's brother accidentally hit her in the eye with a BB pellet, blinding her in her right eye. Although that didn't stop Alice, she went on achieving excellent grades and going on to college. She first attended Spelman College (an African-American institution) on a handicap scholarship she'd been granted. Unhappy with the way Spelman's treated her for her involvement of activism and civil rights, she accepted a scholarship from Saint Lawrence College in New York. Alice was faced with great diff iculties such as abortion and suicide, but she pulled through and graduated in 1965 kicking off the begging of an unforgettable and ongoing career. (http://members.tripod.com/chrisdanielle/alicebio_1.html) By distinguishing the family-oriented round characters in the short story "Everyday Use", Alice Walker illustrates the common mistake of placing the association of heritage solely in material objects. Walker presents Mama and Maggie, the younger daughter, as an example that heritage in both knowledge and form passes from one generation to another through a learning and experience connection. However, by a broken connection, Dee, the older daughter, represents a misconception of heritage as materialistic. During Dee's visit to Mama and Maggie, the contrast of the characters becomes the conflict, because Dee... ... family values, Mama takes the quilts from Dee who "held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them clutching them closely to her bosom" (Walker, 91) like sacred representation, and then gives them to their rightful owner: Maggie. After Mama gives Maggie the quilts, Dee says, "You just don't understand," "Your heritage" (Walker, 91). Dee believes heritage and family values to be materialistic things. Dee understands that the quilts were hand-made, but she lacks the knowledge and history behind these quilts. On the other hand Mama and Maggie understand the meaning of the quilts and know that they were made for everyday use. Ironically, Dee criticizes Mama for not understanding heritage when, in fact, Dee fails to really understand her own heritage. Dee mistakenly places heritage wholly in what she owns, not what she knows. Work-Cited Living By Grace. Danielle, Chris. 1999. Tripod. 03-10-2005. http://members.tripod.com/chrisdanielle/index.html Walker, Alice. "Everyday Use". Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing Sixth Edition. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001, 360-365. Walker & Everyday Use Essay -- essays research papers Many times an author draws from his or her personal life and incorporates his or her past into the short story. Alice Walker is one of the most respected, well-known African-American authors of her time. Alice Walker experienced a lifetime of hardship that would influence her later works, helping her to become such an astonishing author. In her short story "Everyday Use", Walker tells the story of her heritage and enables the reader to encounter the values in her life. On February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Willie Lee and Minnie Grant gave birth to their eighth child; a precious little girl whom they named Alice. As an extremely intelligent child Alice was always exploring the world around her. "She said that one of her favorite pastimes in the world was 'people watching.'" (http://members.tripod.com/chrisdanielle/alicebio_1.html). When Walker was eight years old, she and her brother were playing a game of cowboys and Indians outside when Alice's brother accidentally hit her in the eye with a BB pellet, blinding her in her right eye. Although that didn't stop Alice, she went on achieving excellent grades and going on to college. She first attended Spelman College (an African-American institution) on a handicap scholarship she'd been granted. Unhappy with the way Spelman's treated her for her involvement of activism and civil rights, she accepted a scholarship from Saint Lawrence College in New York. Alice was faced with great diff iculties such as abortion and suicide, but she pulled through and graduated in 1965 kicking off the begging of an unforgettable and ongoing career. (http://members.tripod.com/chrisdanielle/alicebio_1.html) By distinguishing the family-oriented round characters in the short story "Everyday Use", Alice Walker illustrates the common mistake of placing the association of heritage solely in material objects. Walker presents Mama and Maggie, the younger daughter, as an example that heritage in both knowledge and form passes from one generation to another through a learning and experience connection. However, by a broken connection, Dee, the older daughter, represents a misconception of heritage as materialistic. During Dee's visit to Mama and Maggie, the contrast of the characters becomes the conflict, because Dee... ... family values, Mama takes the quilts from Dee who "held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them clutching them closely to her bosom" (Walker, 91) like sacred representation, and then gives them to their rightful owner: Maggie. After Mama gives Maggie the quilts, Dee says, "You just don't understand," "Your heritage" (Walker, 91). Dee believes heritage and family values to be materialistic things. Dee understands that the quilts were hand-made, but she lacks the knowledge and history behind these quilts. On the other hand Mama and Maggie understand the meaning of the quilts and know that they were made for everyday use. Ironically, Dee criticizes Mama for not understanding heritage when, in fact, Dee fails to really understand her own heritage. Dee mistakenly places heritage wholly in what she owns, not what she knows. Work-Cited Living By Grace. Danielle, Chris. 1999. Tripod. 03-10-2005. http://members.tripod.com/chrisdanielle/index.html Walker, Alice. "Everyday Use". Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing Sixth Edition. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001, 360-365.

Construction Planning and Scheduling

Introduction Construction activities are often exposed to various weather conditions, and often construction productivity is dependent on these weather conditions. Weather conditions are local, seasonal, and sometimes unusual. Inclement weather conditions often result in project disruptions, delays, and disputes between the project parties. Many trades such as earthwork, concrete, roofing, and landscaping are often affected by severe weather, meanwhile other trades such as carpet installers or sheetrock installers may not be directly affected by the weather.Owners, general contractors, and subcontractors all face many risks associated with weather conditions. In order to mediate weather risks, all of the involved construction parties adopt various strategies; purchase insurance, and contract options. Typically project owners try and allocate the risks related with weather delays by adding weather clauses in the contract provisions. The goal of this paper is to discuss the impact of w eather delays in construction projects. A construction schedule should include a developed plan to allow for adverse weather. The weather considerations should be addressed during contract negotiation.By accounting for weather integration in the contract and in the baseline schedule owners and the contractor can reduce the risk of disputes from weather impacts and avoiding the rejection of claims dealing with unforeseeable or unusually severe weather. Most contracts nowadays have integrated weather calendars in the schedule. Adverse Weather Adverse weather, commonly referred to as severe weather, is any weather condition, rain, snow, temperature that exceeds historical data gathered over a specific period of time to establish what could be reasonably expected over the course of the construction project.Establishing unusually severe weather can be a challenging task. The most common method is to compare the actual weather experienced on the project to a historical normal for the same location. By using historical data a normal or expected level of severe weather can be established for a given time period. (Long 2010) Normal Weather Severe weather conditions should be incorporated in all construction contracts and in the contract it should specify the difference between normally and abnormally severe weather conditions.In contracts today, it is normal for some owners and contractors to provide the anticipated number of weather days in today’s contracts. The contracts now specify the average number of adverse weather days for certain project locations. It is in the best interest of projects to identify weather statistics, and contracts should provide the number of anticipated weather delay days based on those statistics. Temperature Temperature is well defined in construction contracts. The standard specifications in a contract include the minimum and maximum temperatures for many construction materials.However, temperature directly affects the productivit y of workers. Most construction materials have thresholds. However, temperature is a type of weather effect in which construction does not necessarily have to be delayed when exceeding these thresholds, as long as the project can absorb expenditures for controlled measures such as heated enclosures. Wind Wind can affect certain construction operations, but the effect of wind on temperatures is equally important. The combination of low temperatures and wind causes wind chill, which can reduce productivity and can even be dangerous to workers.Wind alone can force several construction activities to shut down, for example high winds can make cranes unstable, which could lead to accidents. High wind also may cause fresh concrete to dehydrate on the surface. Wind not only affects the temperature and construction activities such as crane work, but wind also affects materials and material processes. Soil Temperature Soil temperature does not directly affect labor productivity, but it does h ave an effect on operations and equipment. The biggest impact of soil temperature is on earthwork. Frozen ground magnifies the difficulty of movement and compaction of soils.Frozen soil conditions greatly reduce the equipment productivity. As cold weather affects the operator of the equipment, the soil conditions affect the effectiveness of the equipment. Weather Delay Day What type of weather qualifies as a weather delay day? A weather delay day is a day in which work must be completely stopped because efficient construction operations will be difficult to achieve with the weather conditions. Three key factors affecting weather delays and disruptions are; type of construction, on-site drying conditions, and the intensity of rainfall.The threshold values for adverse weather vary from location to location. The threshold values also depend on the trades working and various other social and natural factors. However, a weather day should be decided based on the combination of the thresh old values, type of work affected, and common sense. Table 1 below shows a sample adverse weather day calendar. (Glavinich n. d. ) Table 1: Sample Adverse Weather Allowances MonthJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC Adverse Weather Days665452245544 Weather Calendars Once threshold values are determined, the adverse weather days can be incorporated into the plan.Normally many weather incorporation methods can be used to satisfy the contract requirements. In order to claim time for unusually severe weather, it is common practice that the documented adverse weather days in excess of the monthly allowances must affect the completion of critical path activities. A good way to track and plan for weather days and planning for the activities they impact is a scheduling model that incorporates adverse weather days into a weather calendar. The weather calendar is tied to the weather sensitive activities.This task typically involves: †¢Documentation of all activities in the schedule that are prone to adverse weather †¢Application of the weather calendar to activities subject to adverse weather †¢Development of a baseline schedule in accordance with the project scheduling specifications †¢Calculation of the new finish date (Sabol 2004) Type of Work The type of construction work greatly influences the impact weather has on a project. Certain activities are particularly sensitive to weather conditions; meanwhile other tasks are not as sensitive to weather.Others factors such as equipment being used, materials being used, and the activity durations for each activity influence the activities sensitivity to wind, temperature, and precipitation. The projects weather sensitivity also depends on the phase of construction. For example the initial phase of building construction is usually more sensitive to weather than when the building has an exterior shell up. Consequently the allocation of anticipated monthly weather delay in contracts is not sufficient.The s cheduled activities and sequencing of activities should be known before the number of monthly weather delay days has been determined because the weather impact is strictly associated with the type of construction activities being performed. Lingering Days Severe weather can have impact on a construction project for many days after the actual severe weather has passed. These lingering days may extend past severe weather periods because of drying time for soils, and accumulated water on the site and before and after snowy conditions. These lingering days are also known as dry out or mud days.Even when trying to specify the number of adverse weather days, a contract is still ambiguous if it does not determine how to deal with lingering days. It is important to differentiate between lingering days caused by predictable and unpredictable weather conditions. Contracts should clearly spell out whether lingering days are included in the monthly normal weather days. For example in Tennessee, adverse weather may include dry out or mud days at a rate of no greater than one make up day for each day or consecutive days beyond the standard baseline that total 1. inch or more of rain. (Syzdik 2012) Lost Days Adverse weather can greatly reduce productivity. Working under adverse weather conditions causes the jobsite efficiency to decrease even though the work might not stop. The decreased productivity due to adverse weather can contribute to schedule delay. The adverse weather not only delays a project due to such direct lost days from a weather event, or dry out days, it also prolongs schedule activities due to lost productivity or inefficiency. This in turn, can delay the overall project schedule.In many circumstances, a contractor is not entitled to compensation incurred by lost labor productivity caused by unusually severe weather, usually only lost time that is associated with unusually adverse weather can be recovered. Personal Opinion If the contract does not specify w hat constitutes as normally severe weather and determines the weather thresholds for different work to be performed a consistent analysis of severe weather will be impossible. The contracts should specify monthly anticipated weather delay days.Contractors should account for these days when planning their work and planning their baseline schedules. These delay days should include anticipated lingering days based on the construction activities scheduled in the periods of anticipated severe weather. My experience working on a farm has taught me that weather delays happen frequently and these delays throw a wrench in all of the plans. For example during custom harvesting, a rainstorm will bring a halt to all combine harvesting.Often if it rains more that a few hundredths of an inch work is stopped for at least one full day. This becomes an issue when there is another customer waiting to have their crops harvested but we have to sit and wait in one location for the crops to dry out enoug h to be cut, before we can move to the next location. If the crops are not harvested soon there is a chance that the crops could be destroyed by a hailstorm, or the crop could lose value if it gets rained on because the coloring gets washed from the grains.This has taught me that proper planning and scheduling can help to minimize the losses associated with severe weather delays. Conclusion Adverse weather conditions and delays in construction are a source of costly claims and disputes in construction. Contracts should include monthly anticipated weather delay days, and a system to define or determine anticipated lingering days should be clearly defined in the contract along with threshold values for weather parameters.These weather threshold values play a critical role when determining if weather is unusually or usually severe. Finally contracts should address the requisites to request a time extension cause by inefficiency due to unusually severe weather conditions. Much of the li tigation resulting from weather delay disputes is based on the lack of adequate terms in the contracts. Whether a day with adverse weather is workable or not depends on the weather thresholds. The bottom line is, plan as for normal adverse weather, and know what the contract requires for adverse weather.Records should be kept of adverse weather occurrences, and time extension request should be submitted as required by the contract. When a project experiences adverse weather, the best case scenario is that weather considerations are included within the contract and in the schedule as applicable standards with respect to approach and evaluation. If weather impacts become an issue and are not present in the contract, the project management team and scheduler should develop reasonable weather allowance.If it becomes necessary to implement a method mid project, it is very important that the weather allowance standards are acceptable to all the construction parties and that all the assump tions used in the risk analysis are consistent and accurate. Bibliography Glavinich, Thomas. Construction Planning and Scheduling. Edited by Second Edition. The Associated General Contractors of America. Long, Nguyen. Analysis of adverse weather for excusable delays. American Society of Civil Engineers. 5 26, 2010. ascelibrary. org/coo/resource/1/jcemd4/v136/i12/p1258_s1? iew=fulltext> (accessed 4 4, 2012). Morosko, Nick, interview by Andrew Barthel. Project Manager Bozeman, MT, (4 2, 2012). Sabol, Kevin. Integrated Framework for Quantifying and Predicting Weather related delays. American Society of Civil Engineers. 8 16, 2004. ascelibrary. org/coo/resources/1/jcemd4/v136 (accessed 4 6, 2012). Syzdik, Brian. Weather Considerations for Construction Project Scheduling Models. Society of American Military Engineers. 10 12, 2012. militaryengineers. wordpress. com/2010/10/12 (accessed 3 24, 2012).

Hca/250 Motivation and Organizational Culture

Motivation and Organizational Culture HCA/250 Amy Carson University of Phoenix 4/2/13 Ayame Nakamura is a Japanese immigrant who is employed by a drug organization in California. The company’s administration is confrontational and interferes with Ayames ethnic background and also challenges her cultural background. This paper will discuss workplace motivation techniques, the influence of organizational culture and the role of management in workplace psychology. Workplace motivation techniques: Administration plays a significant role in psychology at the work place.Some of the major duties they are responsible for are setting standards for good work etiquette while maintaining quality and quantity for their goods and services. Management may need to take on many different roles to achieve these responsibilities. For example; the role of a firefighter to extinguish tempers of customers and coworkers, the role of a police officer to settle disputes and maintain discipline or orde r, or as a friend to encourage trust and honor among the company. Whatever problem that may arise, administration needs to have the ability to cope and solve them in a quick and proficient manner.The atmosphere must have a secure, impartial and equality feeling for both the workers and management in the workplace. Security is not just a physical feeling of being safe in the office but also assurance of their mental state regarding job stability, fair treatment, mental and physical comfort without harassment, favoritism or unfair judgments. Administration should be comprised of leaders, individuals who positively impact other people while not abusing the administrative powers. Management has 5 key elements that incorporate self-awareness, inspiration, societal skills, sympathy as well as self-administration.Anyone in an administrative role must be regarded as reliable, honest, skilled, persistent, open to suggestion, and dedicated in the eyes of their workers. Build a foundation, If an employee knows nothing about a company’s history than there is no feeling of investment which in turn keeps that employee un interested in the company’s future. When creating an atmosphere, a happy company is a productive company. Employees look for advancement within their company. Without the ability to develop growth in a career, most employees feel trapped in a dead end job.Take consideration of current skills and future goals of employees to decide what may become of them down the road. Improving your professional training programs and educational development for employees will instill a feeling of investment in their future and your company’s which will translate into improved job performance. It is important not to forget the fun, give unexpected diversions like a free pizza lunch, an early leave day or anything that will show your appreciation in an unplanned way. Acknowledging contribution of employees can make a huge morale boost especially if recog nized in front of their coworkers.Offering incentives to perform well will give motivation and competition to employees. Put your money where your mouth is by honoring all promises that you make to an employee. Failure to pay up may lose not only the trust of that employee, but of all who hear their story. Career coaching is a good way to provide employees with the ability to reach the next professional level. Bring in professionals that offer personal counseling for life’s dilemmas whether personal or professional because both can affect the work environment. And finally, match a person tasks to their talents or they will be unconfident or more prone to failure.Influence of organizational culture No matter how different or similar one culture to another is, the other culture will seem abnormal because it is a system of informal rules that govern the behavior of that society. Cultural organization is unique and configures their norms, beliefs, values, and behavioral character istics into the individual and groups that unite to get things accomplished. Patterns begin to evolve and become a rule of basic assumption; whether it is a new idea, one recently discovered or under development by a certain group as they learn to cope with internal integration and external adaptation problems.Cultural characteristics are hard to define because culture is multi-dimensional with integrated components that intertwine at different levels and ever-changing which takes time to establish and therefore time to change it also. Culture becomes the fabric or social glue that unites its participants, this will counteract any processes that are different becomes an unavoidable side-effect of life in an organization. Mutual understandings and a shared system of meanings becomes the basis of communication in a cultural organization.Functions of a society need to be fulfilled with a certain amount of satisfaction or culture can impede the efficiency of that organization. Problems with this concept arise when trying to categorize culture or when, why, or how corporate culture should be changed or finding the best, healthiest or most desirable one. References: Arthur unknown 1999-2013 retrieved on 4/3/2013 from: http://www. allbusiness. com/motivate-your-employees/16567613-11. html#gsc. tab=0 Armstrong, Michael 2009 retrieved on 4/3/2013 from: http://av4kc7fg4g. earch. serialssolutions. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/? ctx_ver=Z39. 88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon. serialssolutions. com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft. genre=book%20item&rft. title=Armstrong%27s+Handbook+of+Human+Resource+Management+Practice&rft. au=Armstrong%2C+Michael&rft. atitle=Organizational+Culture&rft. date=2011-01-01&rft. pub=Kogan+Page+Ltd&rft. isbn=9780749452421&rft. spage=383&rft. epage=399&rft. externalDocID=1718700036

Least squares

The backbone of analytical methods consists of various mathematical and procedural concepts to represent relations between points in the object, their corresponding images and operational procedures to solve specific problems. Analytical photogrammetric procedures may be considered along three operational stages, each invol ving specific instruments (Fig. 6. 1), viz. , those used for acquisition of image data (mensural), those used for data-processing and analyses (computational) and those used for display or presentation of the results.In view of the above, we would study the historical developments firstly with regard to the concepts and next with regard to the instruments and their potentials for the future. A mathematical model, in expressing the relevant concept, provides insight into the underlying chain of events. There is no mystery about the way in which this insight is achieved. The mathematical models have no scientific value unless they have been validated adequately thro ugh experience and research. Scientific validation is an openended process. As a mathematical model is successfully tested and used, it becomes established.Otherwise it stands to be changed, modified or simply dropped. We have witnessed this through the historical development of analytical photogrammetry. Furthermore, photogrammetry being an applied science, it is the content and not the form of the mathematical statement (language) that matters most. Thus we have noticed that mathematical and operational concepts have been adapted to circumstances without really changing the basic contents. The following sections would highlight the conceptual developments without going into personal . details.Hauck (1883) established the relationship between projective geometry and photogrammetry_ This should be considered to be the most fundamental geometric concept and the basis of most classic analytical photogrammetric developments. Ernst Abbe, the cofounder of the German Zeiss Works in 1871 s tarted intense studies and tests for optical elements on the basis of rigorous mathematical analyses. F. Stolze discovered the principle of the floating mark in 1892 while Carl Pulfrich also of the Zeiss group developed a practicable method of measuring and deriving spatial dimensions from stereo-pholographic images with floating marks.He presented in 1901 the ZeissPulfrich Stereocomparator by supplementing Eduard von Orel's (1877-1941) first prototype Stereoautograph at the 73 rd Conference of Natural Scientists and Physicians held at Hamburg. Separately, a ssimilar stereocomparator was invented in 1901 by Henry G. Fourcade (1865-1948) of South Africa. He presented this at the Philosophical Society of Cape Town. Sebastian Finsterwalder (1862-1951) in a series of publications during 1899 to 1937 established a very sthrong foundation for analytical photogrammetry.In these he brought about the geometric relations which govern resection and intersection as well as relative and absolute orientations. He predicted the future possibility of nadir point triangulation 311 and the applicatian af phatagrammetry to. astrageadetic measurements. He also. farmulated the basic laws af errar prapagatian in lang strip triangulatians. He was prabably the first persan to. use vectar terminalagy in phatagrammetry literature (Finsterwalder 1899, 1932). Eduard Dalezal 1862-1955) af Vienna, Austria pravided great internatianal driving spirit as he became the faunding President af the Internatianal Saciety far Phatagrammetry in 1909. He also. created the Internatianal Archives af phatagrammetry. viz. , the usefulness af auxiliary data and instruments in order to. avoid propagation of systematic errors in strip triangulation and the practical advantage of using wide-angle cameras. Heinrich Wild (1877-1951) presented in 1926 at the Second International Congress at Berlin his modified plotter prototype known as Police Autograph.

Computer games' the development of children learning Research Paper

Computer games' the development of children learning - Research Paper Example The focus is children between the age of six and ten years old. Video games has a lot of advantages on the development of a child between the age of six and ten. In essence, practically all video games are challenging. This means that playing a computer games involves the brain in a lot of exercises. The child has to learn each and every trick of the game in order to win. Therefore, computer games helps the child develop necessary skills that equips him or her to face more challenging situations in future. Playing computer games enable the child to learn how to follow commands or directives (Blumberg and Fisch, 2013). There is no other way to win a computer game other than through following instructions. It is important to elucidate the fact that there are many ways of playing a particular game. According to Blumberg and Fisch (2013), a child can follow different paths or involve different techniques to win. This calls for creativity. Therefore, computer games inspires children to acquire ingenious skills in the course of development. When playing a computer game, the child has to involve practically every part of the body. Most games requires the player to synchronize and harmonize the thinking part of the game and the physical activities that involve moving the hands, legs, and other parts of the body. Therefore, computer games helps a child to learn how to coordinate various parts of the body to achieve positive results. For instance, a child aspiring to become a surgeon in future can learn effective skills through computer games especially coordinating the mind, the eyes, and the hands. Subsequently, a child is able to acquire better planning and time management skills. Blumberg and Fisch (2013) asserts that some games have specific timeframes and in fact have a timer. This means that the player has to mange his or her time well in order to win. These

A thematic analysis of 4 interviews with lesbian prostitutes Essay

A thematic analysis of 4 interviews with lesbian prostitutes - Essay Example All of the women I spoke to were between the ages of 22 and 26; Margaret had been in the business the longest and was 26. Katie was 22, Lenore 23 and Irene was 24. I am not sure whether these were their real names or the names they go by when they go on a job. All for ladies were dressed well and no one would have noticed that they were prostitutes necessarily. They were very clean and well kept and they took their jobs seriously. All four had a clientele of men as well as women saying that it was better to have both "because you wont get paid enough just with women". Each woman had a different idea of this but essentially it was because of the money. My questions consisted of 20 questions that I asked each woman and then there were other questions for clarification (Ive listed questions at the end of this paper). As I went through the transcripts of these women I was struck by how casual and nonchalant they were about the business. I can see that because it is legal in the UK these women may not feel the constraints or the fears that some women would feel in other countries. None of them seemed to be upset with the questions I asked nor did they seem worried that someone would find out about them as we talked. I spent time getting to know each woman so she would feel comfortable talking with me. Each interview was unique and one of the women identified herself as bisexual, though she saw many more women clients than she saw men. Katie was 22 years old and started her career as a prostitute when she was eighteen. She started because she needed to pay for university and had to earn her rent. She was one of the most outspoken in the group. She saw her work as a normal job and she felt that people who understand this are better able to understand her. She had a great sense of humour about it all. Katie identifies her self as a lesbian and she is in a romantic relationship with a woman

All quit on the western front Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

All quit on the western front - Movie Review Example uous young men that exist on the frontlines of defending their nation, the soldiers, along with Paul, are represented as ghostly figures that exists from day-to-day; facing the ever present reality of death and seeing the untold horrors of war firsthand. As the film progresses, the realization that a hopeless situation has been engaged further depresses these men (Burgess and Heilbrun 55). In short, aside from the ability to take orders and to perform some level of useful work, the entire humanity that is represented within the men on the frontlines begins to fade. This fact is represented clearly with regards to the emotions and expectations that are illustrated throughout the conversations and interactions that Paul faces as the movie progresses. The monotony of horrific trench warfare, disease, death, hardship, starvation, and misery all come together to form a very depressing view of just how horrific war, and specifically the First World War, could

How the general Motors Global Manufacturing Systems (GM GMS) are Essay

How the general Motors Global Manufacturing Systems (GM GMS) are implemented in Poland, in Comparison with the UK - Essay Example The objective of this discussion seeks to provide on means of exposing managers to organisational and market developments relevant to their own and their organisations development opportunities. This discussion will analyze and take all of these factors into consideration, provide a comparison and recommendations. This discussion will focus on the international context of strategic issues in business and provide for a means of developing client-consulting skills. An analytical approach will be used to compare the implementation of GM global manufacturing systems in both Poland and the United Kingdom. The international auto industry is significant to economies across the globe. (Aho and Levinson, 1988) The international auto industry is a paramount industry and both Poland and the United Kingdom are significant components of it. The worlds leading vehicle and automotive component companies have long seen the UK as being an important location for manufacturing. Following the setting up of a number of UK-based companies, US-owned Ford first established a plant here in 1911,  since joined by other investors including General Motors, BMW, Honda, Nissan, Peugeot and Toyota.  (Burrough and Helyar, 1990) According to Burrough and Helyar, â€Å"The automotive manufacturing sector contributes around  £8.4bn added value to the economy, and accounts for 1.1% of GDP, 5.8% of manufacturing value-added and 9.5% of total UK exports of goods. Some 237,000 people are employed in the design and manufacture of vehicles and components. The West Midlands remains the heart of the industry in the UK with around 30% of the industry being based in the region. The UK is home to the worlds most successful motorsport industry as well as a range of smaller producers serving specialist markets such as sports and luxury cars, and London taxis. 17 of the top tier one suppliers and around 20 leading independent automotive design firms also have a base in the UK.†

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Ethics - Essay Example Rawls’s argument that we should maximin instead of maximize leads to a fascinating standoff, whereby the argument for maximin appeared not compelling, but it was straight additive maximization of utilitarian in a way that revealed the possible function associated with morality that people are expected to maximize. In fact, according to Rawls, the utilitarianism is not straight based on taking maximandum, which refers to the things that are to be maximized that is utility instead of the primary social goods. Moreover, the idea of maximizing the key social goods is not appealing, since it fails to pursue the maximization of utility. Therefore, the espousal of the ideal legitimacy in political Liberalism does not have an effect on the conclusions and arguments that are developed to reinforce the ideal with respect to justice as fairness in utilitarianism and Rawlsian theories (Arneson, 2000). There is another problem with the utilitarianism, which is associated with the tenuous a ssociation with liberalism, whereby in prominent situations of aggregate goods of numerous, people outweigh the few individuals. Moreover, utilitarianism appears to be committed to the majority over the minority, and it seems to be unfair or violating the fundamental rights and liberties. Therefore, utilitarianism retort is unfair since the mere handovers from outdated and pernicious moral conversions. On the other hand, Rawls’s arguments are in the first part, whereby he focuses on the conflicts between utilitarianism and people’s beliefs concerning justice and fairness. In fact, he provides diagnosis, which is unflattering in order to appeal to utilitarianism. Therefore, utilitarianism may seem to be appealing by taking over the model of decision-making that individuals make relating to their lives. However, there is a significant difficulty associated with implementing the model in a society with people suffering from sacrifice, whereby they are denied the chance to obtain the benefits. In this case, the official arguments, in the parties in the original state prefer the Rawlsian Maximin Principle, by turning the choice between rules related to making the decision under uncertain circumstance of maximizing expected utility instead of maximin. The formal argument of the Rawls’s assertion is supported by the psychological arguments related to parties in the original state that prefers the principles. In fact, ideas of psychological arguments related to Rawls’s principles do not have limitations of the strains of commitment, like utilitarianism. Moreover, Rawls maintains that people growing in a society governed by principles Rawls’s principles, they would end up valuing the principles and complying with them. Rawls’s principles are concerned with the worst off, whereby the society is committed to the well being of the well off. However, this is not the case with the utilitarianism, whereby it is easier to have the all egiance to a society, which is governed Rawls’s principles, compared to the society governed by utilitarianism. Making a comparison between the Rawls principles with the maximin rule and utilitarianism, there is a chance of utilitarianism given

Romeo and Juliet’s Love Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet’s Love Essay Romeo and Juliet’s love is not true love. Although they have sworn their love and gotten married, they do not truly love each other. They are too young to know if they really love someone. Although Lady Capulet was already a mother at Juliet’s age, Juliet is not old enough to know what love feels like. Capulet even says to Paris that Juliet is too young to get married. â€Å"My child is yet a stranger in the world. She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. Let two more summers wither in their pride ere we may think her ripe to be a bride.† Capulet says here that not until she is sixteen will Juliet be ready to get married. But Juliet thinks she has fallen in love and married Romeo before she is even fourteen. Next, Romeo is also too young. Romeo is not really in love with Juliet, he is in love with being in love. Before the party in act 1 scene 5, Romeo seems to be in love with Rosaline. However he immediately forgets about Rosaline when he talks with Juliet. This shows that he is not old enough to love someone. He has not matured enough, which is yet another reason why Romeo and Juliet are not truly in love. Juliet has not matured enough to get married because she has never been in any kind of a relationship. You cannot love someone if do not know what it feels like. So, if you married the first person you had a relationship with then you could not know if there was someone else who would love even more. Capulet wants Juliet to, somewhat, see who else is out there before marrying Paris. On the other hand, it seems as if Romeo has been in a relationship before. But the problem with Romeo is that he has been in too many relationships. Romeo is in love with being in love, and loves to feel like â€Å"woe is me.† When Romeo gets turned down by Rosaline, he says that he could never love someone as much as he loved her. â€Å"Thou canst not teach me to forget.† Romeo is saying that he cannot forget his love for Rosaline. This tells us that he did not truly love Rosaline, and that he probably does not truly love Juliet. Lastly, Romeo and Juliet do not truly love each other because they have not known each other long enough. They have only known each other for one day and they have already gotten married. That is not nearly enough time for someone to get to know and love another person. Just an hour after the party they had sworn their love to each other. They are not in love, they simply like each other. They were not ready to get married at the time that they did and they still are not in love even after they got married. So, Romeo and Juliet are not really in love. They are too young and immature to be in love with each other. Also, they have not known each other long enough to be in love, they moved too quickly. In conclusion, Romeo and Juliet’s love is not true love.

Planning, Scheduling and Control

Planning, Scheduling and Control Business or business organizations involve conceptualization of implementation of a specific plan designed for particular business outcomes. This particularity of business outcomes envisages putting up a well coordinated system for realization of the same. Forming a conglomeration of peoples, activities work schedules, methods, processes, all geared towards achieving a specific business objective, work or assignment, it works according to a plan to achieve the objective within a particular time-frame, with the available or additional resources. This whole process is given the generic name of Project, and coordinating all the activities within it to achieve the desired objective to perfection within the time frame is known as Project Management (Heerkens; 2001). Given the generic nature of the work as well as the outcome it can be said that every activity requiring a particular work to be completed within a particular time by using a particular amount of resources takes the shape of a project. In that way every activity, be that of building a township, a bridge, a subway project, oil refinery, steel production, manufacturing facility erection or even conducting a study to seek some particular information, data or have some desired outcome, all can be termed as projects. In that way projects are distinguishable from continuing work processes like manufacturing process, routine management work or doing daily chores, which are continuing in nature, with the distinguishing factor being a specific time for start and completion of a particular work. So, essentially, time is the core element of a project. As a result the inseparable part of a project is adoption of proper management systems and processes to complete the project within the particular time and cost (Levine; 2002). For this it is imperative that there should be proper planning to execute a project within the allotted time, cost and resources for which there should be proper planning for its implementation . Project planning and implementation within the allotted time by properly organizing it to maintain quality of execution, avoid risks and adhere to the project schedule by proper utilization of resources is key to the success of a project (Hillson; 2003). This study essentially pertains to discussing the key aspects of project planning and control activities in order to successfully complete a project by adhering to the quality of execution of projects. Project Management: Project management essentially is the process of planning, organizing and managing the allotted resources given to a project in order to successfully complete the projects objectives and program. As said, a project is one time work unlike a continuing process, and has a particular period of execution with a starting and ending time in order to meet particular goals and objectives that is aimed at bringing about a particular outcome(Kerzner; 2009). It means that the projects are different from usual business processes that have repeat value and are of permanent nature requiring routine functional work that is envisaged to produce different products and services. In actual practice, the two systems are quite different, thereby requiring the development of specific technical skills and adoption of separate management practices. Projects adhere top specific phases or stages of work processes. According to Horine, project management process includes conducting feasibility studies, defining the project scope and objectives, planning the model to attain those objectives, implementing the plan according to design and scope, evaluating the process of implementation to ensure that the project is being implemented according to guidelines and quality along with provision of proper support and maintenance backup to protect against any hiccups in the implementation process (Horine; 2009). All these are required because project management is a meticulously planned and organized effort to attain a specific and single objective like building a flyover, implementing a software system or building a thermal power plant. It is for this reason only that the project management process includes developing a project plan, which includes defining the project goals and objectives, identifying tasks and goals to be achieved, quantifying the resources needed, and determining budgets and time peri od for completion and managing the implementation of the project plan, along with establishing control procedures to track the proper implementation of the project according to the objectives relative to the plan and intervene to restore the quality of implementation wherever required (Lewis; 2006). All these aspects constitute the project planning and control process. Project Planning, Scheduling and Control: Planning: According to Lewis, project planning and control includes developing a standardized management methodology to implement the objectives of a project that can be comfortably adapted to any project and be flexible enough to be customized for such projects but for which there should be a specific system with checks and balances to proceed with the project according to the plans and objectives (Lewis; 2005). This means that the project management function has a specific process and stages of implementation as is given below: Project Planning: Contents Project Planning: Key Stages Source: F Harrison; Advanced Project Management: A Structured Approach; Gower Publishing; 2004 The project planning and control process therefore pertains to defining the scope and responsibilities accruing to a project, scheduling the time and resources, estimating the cost and budget and analyzing the risks associated with the project implementation process and planning to handle those risks. Suppose there is a project to construct a new administrative building for a certain organization. In this case the management of the organization will define the scope of implementation of the building plan, estimating the time needed to complete the project and the resources in terms of materials, money and time needed for it. There would also be measures to analyze the risks that can come in the way of constructing the building in terms of escalation of costs, time, materials and inadvertent incidents that would hamper the e smooth construction of the building. For this the manager of the project will have to make a blue print and accommodate all the factors while planning the impleme ntation of the project. In such cases the planning process is properly delineated and documented for the benefit of all the members of the project team as well as the client or the organization for whom the project is being implemented (Turner; 1998). This process also becomes beneficial in taking steps to control the project according to the requirements and preventing it from going from its planned path that would necessitate intervention in terms of cost and materials by the project manager. In order to achieve all these objectives the project management process includes key elements to the project planning process i.e. the products, activities, resources, schedule, budget, risks and assumptions. Accordingly, the project planning process determines what are the products and sub-products that a project must deliver ad what quality aspects it must adhere to, what are the activities and the resources needed to carry out the project, what is the sequence and schedule that must be fol lowed to complete the project, what is the budget needed for implementing the project, what are the risks associated with implementing the project and what are the assumptions that are part of the project(Burke; 2003). The projects management planning process therefore incorporates all these aspects to formulate the plan of implementation. Broadly speaking the project plan includes all the aspects that are needed to properly implement a project according to the specifications of the client. Accordingly the actual requirements of a project may vary but there is no dichotomy with regards to the planning process that needs to be applied of such projects. For this the project implementation and planning process includes some fundamental principles, like breaking down the whole project into cohesive work packages, defining the desired results and encouraging the team members to work towards the plans to achieve the results (Williams et. al.; 2008). All these aspects of the planning proce ss follow certain basic objectives of the project plan that includes ensure that all the work and products need to achieve the project objectives included in the plan. For this the project planners include a framework to integrate the key planning and control functions i.e. scope, quality, cost, time and risk at different stages of the project management and implementation stage and specify the team and the responsibilities of the team members   to deliver the requirements of the project (Kendrick; 2004). In this whole planning process there includes factors such as scheduling the project to bring the desired outcome of the project. Scheduling and Control: Scheduling of a project essentially signifies managing the implementation of the project, keeping in view the time factor in primary sense, and adjusting the men, material and activities into the whole process (Berkun; ; 2005). This means that the project must follow a regimented routine according to daily weekly and monthly basis so that the project is effectively implemented according to the controls of its requirements and other factors. It is also important that the different activities associated with a project planning and implementation process are well coordinated so as to avoid delays and chaos in the implementation of the project that would result is costs and time overruns. A typical project schedule divides the work associated with a project into different activities all coordinated to the overall whole. In this the works are divided into areas of activities and the tine taken as well as the mode of operation is determined accordingly with the most easy path and the criti cal yet effective path of each activity of the path is determined with assessment as to the time lapse that can happen in the event of the time and work pace not keeping up with the allotted time schedule. Source: : F Harrison; Advanced Project Management: A Structured Approach; Gower Publishing; 2004 Accordingly the project implementation stage and control stage is divided into various activities and the time allotted is measured accordingly as is shown in the diagram above. In it the works are divided into critical and non-critical activities and the milestone is to be achieved with the overall work process along with the float time that can emerge due to unavoidable time delays. Along with all these factors it is also likely that without proper scheduling of the project it may happen that it may drag along beyond the manageable limit and therefore become unviable. So, the core part of effective implementation of a project is its proper scheduling so that unnecessary delays and cost overruns area avoided and there is harmonious coordination between all aspects of the work process of the project as well as the different stakeholders and service providers associated with it. Project Documentation: As mentioned in the preceding scheduling of a project is done in order to achieve all the factors the project planning process breaks down the project into a particular schedule as per its desired outputs in order to facilitate the proper implementation and control as well as help in maintaining quality of implementation of the project. Accordingly the project is divided into different sub-structures and process in order to effectively maintain quality of implementation such as primary outputs of a project a supplementary outputs of a project (Berkun; 2008). Along with it the project manager needs the proper documentation and processing of the activities in order to effectively track the implementation of the project as well as communicate with the team members and the management to articulate the progress of the project, give directions to the members to work according to an accepted framework and measure the progress of the project at different stages of implementation for which th ere should be proper documentation of the project planning, scheduling and control process. In the primary outputs the documentation process includes defining the product breakdown structures, product descriptions, work breakdown structures (WBS), work package descriptions (WPD), organization breakdown structure (OBS), responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) and assumptions documentation. In the secondary outputs of a project planning, implementation and control process the documentation and processing those are needed pertain to creating a product flow diagram (PFD), work flow diagram (WFD), control accounts (CA) and dependency structure matrix (DSM) (Berbee; 2009). All these aspects of the project process are properly documented in order to properly implement a project. For this the project manager establishes a proper structure and accessories for documentation as well as recruitment of relevant persons to manage such processes, which brings to the human resources aspect and the management structure of a project planning and implementation process. According to Leach, the most critical part of a project management process is the management part itself which means that if the management structure and the people manning it are not competent enough to effectively plan and implement the project than all the other factors even if they are of highest degree of quality, will fail to deliver the results (Leach; 2004). It is for this that the project planning and implementation process gives utmost importance to the management structure and team as well as the human resources aspect of the overall project structure and process. Management Structure: A typical product management structure incorporates the following management structure as mentioned below, with necessary customization as per the requirements of the individual projects: Source: Self Designed The typical project management team therefore consists of a project head who takes part in the conceptualization planning and overall control of the project followed by a project manager who actually oversees the implementation of the project with a team that consists of technical head, operation head quality control head resource head who do the actual work of implementing the project and directly supervise the work   through a team consisting of managers workers, technicians, suppliers and stakeholders along with support staff(Rothman; 2009). In the case of a building project the management would consist of a project head having wide experience in managing building projects, same is the case with the project manager who must have ample experience in managing projects associated with the construction industry. The different heads of the project should also have adequate experience in their area of activity and desirable experience in actual projects involving the construction indu stry. In this place it may be convenient to argue as what would happen if some people with general project management experience are taken into projects involving construction if buildings. In normal sense it would not make that much of a difference. But in actual stage of implementation and the critical factors associated with it the hands on experience of a person comes in handy. Along with it there is the factor of scheduling for efficient management of time and resources. In such a situation it if great advantage if personnel with hands on experience in specific projects are included in the project planning implementation and evaluation process rather than having general project management experience (Wong; 2007). Nonetheless the underlying spirit for proper implementation of a project is management of time and quality. Nowadays there are various technologies, tools and methods to manage project planning, implementation, quality control and delivery.   Techniques and Technologies: The present day project management exercise is a highly technical function involving a number of complex tools and processes as well as advanced software systems to effectively implement, schedule, track and maintain the quality aspects of a project. It is immaterial whether the project is a brick and mortar concept or an academic concept, what is important is that there have emerged methods that can effectively coordinate all the activities and effectively establish communication channels between all the stakeholders of a project in order to maintain the time, quality and overall objectives of a project. At the outset there are basic operational tools like PERT and CPM which effectively schedule the project into different activities and measure the time, cost and materials required for completing the project (Kendrick; 2009). Along with these basic tools there are some methods that quantify the time required for completing the project along with the costs required. Some allied disciplines and tools are also used like the financial forecasts, statistical measurement of lead and lag time for completing a project as well as the application of quality tools like six sigma to ascertain that the project is going according to the accepted quality standards. But the most profound effect of technology on the project management discipline has been the development of various software for proper management of the overall project planning, scheduling, implementation, quality control, budgeting and assumption processes. One of such tolls is the Project Management suite developed by Microsoft that is known as MS Projects, which is a complete software package to manage the entire project management process. In it there are various functions and techniques to effectively plan, schedule monitor and implement various projects by adhering to all the functions and disciplines required for implementing a project (Microsoft Inc; 2009). Besides MS Projects there are other software applications designed to manage projects that are developed by different software companies for specific projects by different companies. Along with all these developments there have been instances where companies have developed their own software and techniques by applying a host of discrete software processes to create their own project management tools that cater to all its aspects including budgeting and quality control. In essence all these softwares have made the project management with overall planning, scheduling, quality control budgeting and monitoring, a smooth and hassle fee process by which the managers can hope to achieve expected outcomes without leaving anything to chance. This goes a long way in achieving efficiency in project planning scheduling and control process as well as its proper implementation. Conclusion: Project management is a complex and complicated   process requiring coordination of a host of disciplines along with men, money material that are to be coordinate within a proper time frame to achieve all the objectives of a project without compromising on the quality aspect of it. In that way it becomes necessary to design proper planning, scheduling and quality control mechanisms to give proper implementation to it. In this it becomes necessary to take the help of different tools techniques, documentation processes and technologies so that the project gets implemented successfully and according to its objectives. -x- Reference: Gary Heerkens; Project Management; McGraw Hill Professional; 2001; 250 pages H Levine; Practical Project Management: Tips, Tools and Tactics; John Wiley Sons; 2002 D Hillson; Effective Opportunity Management for Projects; Marcel Dekker; 2003 Harold Kerzner; Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling;Wiley; 2009 1120 pages Greg Horine; Absolute Beginners Guide to Project Management;   Que publications; 2009; 432 pages James P. Lewis; Fundamentals of Project Management; AMACOM; 2006; 160 pages James Lewis; Project, Planning, Scheduling and Control; McGraw-Hill; 2005; 550 pages F Harrison; Advanced Project Management: A Structured Approach; Gower Publishing; 2004 R. 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