Violent Games An Addictive Product - 873 Words

In 2014 there was a popular game named Flappy Birds this was created by Dong Ngugen. This game generated  £50,000 per day, however this game was removed down as people were addicted to the game. Dong Nguyen said, I can t take it anymore my life is not as comfortable as before, and I am losing my sleep over this game. Not only did this affect Dong Nguyen but other people as it caused serious addition and serious incidents occurred. As a result from this game a 17 years old boy stabbed his brother 17 times in the chest because he had a higher score. Therefore, action had to be taken and the game was removed. The developer said But it happened to become an addictive product. I think it has become a problem. To solve that problem, it s†¦show more content†¦As a result of playing games it can lead to children or adults getting restless and irritated in the long term. However, aggression is more common in boys age 12-15 but this decreases by age. Children are affected more with aggressive behaviour and feel the urge to play digital games. This is due to their brains still developing. According to research shown in the article of Applied Development Psychology, violent gaming also has an influence on brain development. As a result of violent games causing the individual to become more aggressive, study has shown that the heart rate is affected in boys aged between 12-15. Researchers from Stockholm University, Uppsala University and Karolinska Institute in Sweden have worked together with this study. In this study several boys aged 12-15 were asked to play two types of digital games in the evening to determine whether violent games has an impact on the heart rate and sleep of children. The outcome of this study was that the heart rate consistency was a concern when children played violent games compared to non-violent games. However the children who played violent games before sleeping felt they had not slept well compared to non-violent games. Lack of communication in families is a serious problem and this is because children are isolating themselves in their rooms playing digital games and not

Essay about Film Analysis Scarface vs. The Departed

The gangster or mob film genre has captivated audiences for nearly one hundred years, dating back to the silent film era. Introduced through films such as The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912) and Underworld (1927), the genre has become increasingly complex in its development, evidenced by the sophisticated narratives and advanced cinematographic techniques of more recent films such as Road to Perdition (2002) and The Departed (2006). This paper will serve to analyze only two of these brilliant works, and will do so through a compare and contrast format. Howard Hawks’s Scarface: The Shame of the Nation (1932) focuses on gang warfare and police intervention during a power struggle for Prohibition-era Chicago. This pre-Hays Code gangster film†¦show more content†¦Martin Scorsese effectively uses a complex twist of plot in which the narrative of the main antagonist of the film, Staff Sergeant Colin Sullivan (Matt Damon), is paralleled and intertwined with that of an opposin g character, William Costigan Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio). Colin Sullivan, raised in a poor Irish neighborhood of South Boston and trained to become a mole for Irish mobster Frank Costello (Jack Nicholson) after his acceptance into the Massachusetts State Police, not only must pretend to flush out the suspected mole on the force (himself), he must also find the opposing infiltrator (Costigan Jr.) which the State Police have planted in Costello’s crew. The level of complexity that arises from this scenario is unprecedented in the genre and conclusively demonstrates the development of this type of film from its introduction to the present day. Although the differences in overall plot of these films may vary greatly on a macro scale, The Departed is hauntingly reminiscent of Scarface when analyzed with a higher level of detail. First of all, the name of the reigning mob boss who controlled the illegal alcohol trade that is murdered by antagonist Tony Camonte (Paul Muni) in the openi ng scene of Scarface is named Big Louis Costillo. This name is strikingly similar to that of Frank Costello, the Irish mob boss

Cyber Security Challenge on Online Shopping-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Security Challenge on Online Shopping. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to enhance awareness on the cyber security while doing online shopping and making transactions or paying for any product. One of the popular shopping portals of UK has been chosen in this project to compare its cyber security system and comparison has been done by ten peer-reviewed journals based on the cyber security awareness on online shopping. Internet has become an integral part of the lives of citizens of UK, online shopping is attracting various internet users because of their easy and fast activity and responses on the product an individual want to buy. This has increase the probability of more cyber crime cases related to the finance and money transaction. This report emphases on the techniques or ways by which an individual come over such cyber crime issues with the reference of many experienced writer and their peer-reviewed journals. ASOS Within its slogan discover fashion online ASOS is one of the leading and favourite online portals for the citizens of United Kingdom (UK). ASOS sells cutting-edge fashion and offer varieties of products related to fashion which is making ASOS.com a hub of thriving fashion community. ASOS sell more than 80,000 branded products including its own-brand products to mobile and web users. It has expanded market in UK, US, China, Europe and many other countries in the world(ASOS.com, 2017). The mission of ASOS is to become the worlds number-one online shopping destination for fashion-loving 20-something. It has more than 21 million followers in the social media platforms who engaging with the organization every day. Literature Review It is the responsibility of the development team of an organization doing online business to be reactive and proactive towards the concern of security threats in online shopping and e-commerce where as shoppers should be vigilant while buying any online product (Damodaran Helminen, 2016). According to Clarke, Thompson and Birkin (2015) E-commerce is growing in a very rapid manner due to the options of choosing wide varieties of products and many technologies which are new and innovative are being involved in the proliferation of e-commerce. An individual of UK should read and implement the guidelines about securing networks and systems available for securing online transaction during shopping online for any product (Clarke, Thompson Birkin, 2015). They have proposed latest evidence of consumption patterns in the UK population by various relative graphs and pictured how fast online shopping is spreading in the UK economy. Iqbal and Hunjra (2012) defined e-commerce which is completely same process as online shopping and stated that online shopping is a part of e-commerce. They have analyzed and compared market status and analysis of different developing countries including UK based on factual data. It was concluded in the paper that there is the need to increase expertise for the improvement of IT security among the organization and make databases more secured (Iqbal Hujra, 2012). Reviewing the annual report of ASOS, various ups can be seen as they have strengthened their dedication through discreet IT security team (ASOS, 2017). This emphases on mitigating both internal and external data and IT security threats by increasing capability of team by involving expert and experienced IT members. Relating this context a paper was written by Amer et al., (2013) which focus on the increment of online shopping practice by internet users and relative cyber security threats raised due to practicing online shopping for buying any product. This paper involved e-commerce, online shopper to make the topic much clear. Paper has reviewed habits of online shopping in UAE and identifies the gap. Paper implemented that majority of the population is not securing their network safely or there is very less awareness about the cyber security among the population. For this threat ASOS has made new improvement in the system which was stated in the annual report was that, their controlling and processing within the website was being regularly checked and enhanced to ensure the data of customer and their information are appropriate and complies with applicable laws and expectations of the customer. Amer et al., (2013) analyzes the existing policies and legal rules for the online shopping and also proposed new policies that should be implemented in the system to minimize threats of cyber crime. Rahim et al., (2015) discussed that as cyber security is not a new topic thus various journal and researchers have already wrote various article related to this topic. This helps them to identify different and new techniques to make approaches in improving the cyber security. In this article youngsters were not the main area of discussion whereas whole group was focused and aimed at combating identity theft of any user (Rahim et al., 2015). Comparing annual report of ASOS it was stated that large investments have been made in enhancing the security system for the transactions using credit card with advanced encryption and regular testing of those encryption and to prevent any type of un-authorized access. New alert systems have also been implanted to alert if any un-authorized access is being attempted on the website. As described in the article online apparel retailing: roles of e-shopping quality and experiential e-shopping motives, Online shopping is getting matured as the time passes and growth is slowing bringing a competitive environment for the retailers in the market. Ha and Stoel (2012) stated that in particular industries or organization observes call for better approaches of understanding of the effects of features of online shopping quality for consumer satisfaction and related securities while taking characteristics and information of the consumer in consideration. Writers does not reach to any conclusion but based on the evidences proposed in the article it can be concluded that awareness about cyber security is the need of the time, to improve the relation between the customers and retailers in order to set that mind towards good behaviours relating to online shopping and the retailers (Ha Stoel, 2012). It is the need of the time to protect confidential data and information of an individual regarding the cyber security breaches that held in last few years (Franke Brynielsson, 2014). A literature review found on Cyber situational awareness in which a review on cyber situational awareness have been proposed which was based on systematic queries relating four leading scientific databases. Franke Brynielsson (2014) had focused on different Cyber issues rising in the world including UK. Paper was full of evidences that this threat has become a serious issue related to the privacy of an individual practicing online shopping. This paper concluded that there are many actions taken and plenty of works were dedicated towards the awareness of cyber situations (Sasse, Bada 2014). They also concluded that various security exercises of different kind, offers particular interest on increasing security of personal information and various cyber situational awareness. Another article found which was relative towards the awareness of cyber security among older and younger adults named Online Shopping Intention in the Context of Data Breach in Online Retail Stores (Chakraborty et al., 2016). This article emphases on the decisions taken based on the hacking events that recently takes place around the world. This paper also builds a research model on the engagement of individuals in e-commerce in context with the security threats and data breach. Various age groups were selected in this article and approaches were made about the threats and how much awareness needed related to the cyber crime and cyber security. Chakraborty et al., (2016) concluded that incorporation of personal actions like monitoring bank account details they have put forward richer understandings on the privacy and security of an individual taking into account online shopping made by them. Sidi et al., (2013) also put forward their thought on this awareness in a paper in which facilities of online shopping and internet banking were concerned topics to deal with in matter of online shopping pointing out their relative consequences and threats. Based on various evidences like graphs and statistics, they have concluded that cyber crime is increasing in rapid manner and greater promotional efforts are needed to increase awareness among each group of people of the community (Sidi et al., 2013). Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that, as number of internet users is increasing with rapid speed because of its easy access and lots of benefits, there are lots of consequences of using internet. Online shopping is the most common activity an individual of UK mostly do when connected to the internet but there may be several threats related to the cyber crime. Each age group of people are using internet for shopping and making payment for the products without having proper awareness about what loss they can suffer. There may be exposing of personal information which may be very sensitive like credit card details and bank account t details which may result in serious loss to the individual. Various peer-reviewed journals have been proposed in the report to emphasis on how much cyber security awareness is important among the citizens of UK in order to protect their personal information and be safe from cyber crime activities References: Amer, F., Abdulrahim, H., Juma, S., Rajan, A. V., Ahamed, J. (2013, December). Shopping online securely in UAE. InCurrent Trends in Information Technology (CTIT), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 153-160). IEEE. ASOS. (2017). Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.asosplc.com/~/media/Files/A/Asos-V2/2016-in-review/financial-review/28-10-2016-ar.pdf ASOS.com. (2017).About Us | ASOS.ASOS. Retrieved 12 August 2017, from https://www.asos.com/about/ Bada, M., Sasse, A. (2014). Cyber Security Awareness Campaigns: Why do they fail to change behaviour?. Chakraborty, R., Lee, J., Bagchi-Sen, S., Upadhyaya, S., Rao, H. R. (2016). Online shopping intention in the context of data breach in online retail stores: An examination of older and younger adults.Decision Support Systems,83, 47-56. Clarke, G., Thompson, C., Birkin, M. (2015). The emerging geography of e-commerce in British retailing.Regional Studies, Regional Science,2(1), 371-391. Damodaran, D., Helminen, F. (2016). The Impact of Strategy to Real Time Chat Process: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study in the E-commerce Context. Franke, U., Brynielsson, J. (2014). Cyber situational awarenessa systematic review of the literature.Computers Security,46, 18-31. Ha, S., Stoel, L. (2012). Online apparel retailing: roles of e-shopping quality and experiential e-shopping motives.Journal of Service Management,23(2), 197-215. Iqbal, S., Hunjra, A. I. (2012). Consumer intention to shop online: B2C E-commerce in developing countries.Middle East Journal of Scientific Research,12(4), 424-432. Rahim, N. H. A., Hamid, S., Mat Kiah, M. L., Shamshirband, S., Furnell, S. (2015). A systematic review of approaches to assessing cybersecurity awareness.Kybernetes,44(4), 606-622. SIDI, F., JABAR, M. A., MUSTAPHA, A., SANI, N. F., ISHAK, I., SUPIAN, S. R. (2013). MEASURING COMPUTER SECURITY AWARENESS ON INTERNET BANKING AND SHOPPING FOR INTERNET USERS.Journal of Theoretical Applied Information Technology,53(2).

Thailand Essays (775 words) - Provinces Of Thailand,

Thailand Thailand was Siam for most of its history. It is unique among southeast countries because it was never colonized by Europe. This phenomena affects the very nature of the land and its people to this day. The Thais call their country "Prathet Thai," which can be translated as "Land of the Free." Thai people came from China's Pamir Plateau around the 10th century A.D. because of the agricultural potential in the region. Modernization of Thailand began in the 19th century under King Mongkut and his son, Chulalongkorn. He ended slavery and exposed the nation to Western concepts and technology. The exposure lead to a revolution in 1932, and the absolute monarchy was replaced. Siam became Thailand in 1939. For many years there was continual conflict between military and civil forces for control of the country. In 1988 there was a democratic transfer of power, and 1992 saw a constitutional reform which stated that no military member could serve as the Prime Minister. The democratic transfer of power was a smooth one. (Exergy). Today Thailand is a constitutional monarchy. The king is the chief of state but has few executive responsibilities. King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been king for 50 years and is very respected. The prime minister, currently Chuan Leekpai, heads the government. The legislative National Assembly consists of two houses: a 270-member Senate, whose members are appointed by the king, and a 360-seat House of Representatives, whose members are directly elected. The judicial branch consists of three court levels, of which the highest is the Supreme or Sarndika. All over the age of 18 are able to vote. In villages, local chiefs are elected by the people. (1,5). Thailand is located in Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma. It borders Burma, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. Thailand has a tropical climate characterized by three seasons. From May to October the southwest monsoon brings warm, heavy rain. From November to February during the northeast monsoon the weather is dry and cool. The hot season, from March to May is characterized by high temperatures, humidity, and an absence of rain. (8) Topographically Thailand can be divided into four regions. The North is a mountainous region consisting of natural forests, ridges and deep, narrow, alluvial valleys. The Central region, the basin of the Chao Phraya River, is a lush, fertile valley. It is the richest and most extensive rice-producing area in the country and has often been called the "Rice Bowl of Asia." Bangkok, the capital and most populated city, is located here. The Northeast, or the Korat Plateau, is an arid region characterized by a rolling surface and undulating hills. Harsh climactic conditions often result in this region being subjected to floods and droughts. The South is a hilly to mountainous area with thick virgin forests and rich deposits of minerals and ores. This region is the center for the production of rubber and the cultivation of other tropical crops. Thailand's minerals and resources consist of the following: tin, tungsten, timber, rubber, natural gas, lead, tantalum, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, and fish. (9) Local transportation in Thailand are usually by bus or taxi. While most people do not have cars, greater ownership has significantly increased urban traffic problems. (Traffic moves on the left side of the road.) Railways 4,623 total km Highways 56,903 total km 52,806 paved km 4,097 unpaved km Canals are often used for transportation in rural and some urban areas. The Chao Phraya River serves as the most important waterway for Bangkok. Merchant and commuter traffic on this river is common. There are 3,999 km of principal waterways and numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft. Ports and harbors are in Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Sattahip, Si Racha, and Songkhla. There are about 40 international airlines with 288 flights in and out of Bangkok's Don Muang International Airport per day. International flights are now available to provincial centers such as Chiang Mai, Phuket and Had Yai. Domestic air services also connect Bangkok with the Kingdom's provincial cities. Airports 100 total 86 paved runways 14 unpaved runways Heliports 2 total The government communications system is well developed, and the public telephone system is adequate for most needs. There are 1,553,200 telephone sets in use. (5,8,9) The most interesting thing Thailand has to offer, though, are its people. Thailand's total population is at 60 million. Other significant information include the following: growth rate 1% birth rate 17 births/1,000 pop. death rate 7.05 deaths/1,000 pop. age breakdown mean 25.6 -14 25% 15-64 69% 65- 6% (8)

Dimensional Analysis in Physics Problems

Dimensional Analysis in Physics Problems Dimensional analysis is a method of using the known units in a problem to help deduce the process of arriving at a solution. These tips will help you apply dimensional analysis to a problem. How Dimensional Analysis Can Help In science, units such as meter, second, and degree Celsius represent quantified physical properties of space, time, and/or matter. The International System of Measurement (SI) units that we use in science consist of seven base units, from which all other units are derived. This means that a good knowledge of the units youre using for a problem can help you figure out how to approach a science problem, especially early on when the equations are simple and the biggest hurdle is memorization. If you look at the units provided within the problem, you can figure out some ways that those units relate to each other and, in turn, this might give you a hint as to what you need to do to solve the problem. This process is known as dimensional analysis. A Basic Example Consider a basic problem that a student might get right after starting physics. Youre given a distance and a time and you have to find the average velocity, but youre completely blanking on the equation you need to do it. Dont panic. If you know your units, you can figure out what the problem should generally look like. Velocity is measured in SI units of m/s. This means that there is a length divided by a time. You have a length and you have a time, so youre good to go. A Not That was an incredibly simple example of a concept that students are introduced to very early in science, well before they actually begin a course in physics. Consider a bit later, however, when youve been introduced to all kinds of complex issues, such as Newtons Laws of Motion and Gravitation. Youre still relatively new to physics, and the equations are still giving you some trouble. You get a problem where you have to calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object. You can remember the equations for force, but the equation for potential energy is slipping away. You know its kind of like force, but slightly different. What are you going to do? Again, a knowledge of units can help. You remember that the equation for gravitational force on an object in Earths gravity and the following terms and units: Fg G * m * mE / r2 Fg is the force of gravity - newtons (N) or kg * m / s2G is the gravitational constant and your teacher kindly provided you with the value of G, which is measured in N * m2 / kg2m mE are mass of the object and Earth, respectively - kgr is the distance between the center of gravity of the objects - m  We want to know U, the potential energy, and we know that energy is measured in Joules (J) or newtons * meter  We also remember that the potential energy equation looks a lot like the force equation, using the same variables in a slightly different way In this case, we actually know a lot more than we need to figure it out. We want the energy, U, which is in J or N * m. The entire force equation is in units of newtons, so to get it in terms of N * m you will need to multiply the entire equation a length measurement. Well, only one length measurement is involved - r - so thats easy. And multiplying the equation by r would just negate an r from the denominator, so the formula we end up with would be: Fg G * m * mE / r We know the units we get will be in terms of N*m, or Joules. And, fortunately, we did study, so it jogs our memory and we bang ourselves on the head and say, Duh, because we should have remembered that. But we didnt. It happens. Fortunately, because we had a good grasp on the units we were able to figure out the relationship between them to get to the formula that we needed. A Tool, Not a Solution As part of your pre-test studying, you should include a bit of time to make sure youre familiar with the units relevant to the section youre working on, especially those that were introduced in that section. It is one other tool to help provide physical intuition about how the concepts youre studying are related. This added level of intuition can be helpful, but it shouldnt be a replacement for studying the rest of the material. Obviously, learning the difference between gravitational force and gravitational energy equations is far better than having to re-derive it haphazardly in the middle of a test. The gravity example was chosen because the force and potential energy equations are so closely related, but that isnt always the case and just multiplying numbers to get the right units, without understanding the underlying equations and relationships, will lead to more errors than solutions.

Gunpowder Facts, History and Description

Gunpowder Facts, History and Description Gunpowder or black powder is of great historical importance in chemistry. Although it can explode, its principal use is as a propellant. Gunpowder was invented by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century. Originally, it was made by mixing elemental sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). The charcoal traditionally came from the willow tree, but grapevine, hazel, elder, laurel, and pine cones have all been used. Charcoal is not the only fuel that can be used. Sugar is used instead in many pyrotechnic applications. When the ingredients were carefully ground together, the end result was a powder that was called serpentine. The ingredients tended to require remixing prior to use, so making gunpowder was very dangerous. People who made gunpowder would sometimes add water, wine, or another liquid to reduce this hazard since a single spark could result in a smoky fire. Once the serpentine was mixed with a liquid, it could be pushed through a screen to make small pellets, which were then allowed to dry. How Gunpowder Works To summarize, black powder consists of a fuel (charcoal or sugar) and an oxidizer (saltpeter or niter), and sulfur, to allow for a stable reaction. The carbon from the charcoal plus oxygen forms carbon dioxide and energy. The reaction would be slow, like a wood fire, except for the oxidizing agent. Carbon in a fire must draw oxygen from the air. Saltpeter provides extra oxygen. Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and carbon react together to form nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases and potassium sulfide. The expanding gases, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, provide the propelling action. Gunpowder tends to produce a lot of smoke, which can impair vision on a battlefield or reduce the visibility of fireworks. Changing the ratio of the ingredients affects the rate at which the gunpowder burns and the amount of smoke that is produced. Difference Between Gunpowder and Black Powder While black powder and traditional gunpowder may both be used in firearms, the term black powder was introduced in the late 19th century in the United States to distinguish newer formulations from traditional gunpowder. Black powder produces less smoke than the original gunpowder formula. Its worth noting early black powder was actually off-white or tan in color, not black! Charcoal Versus Carbon in Gunpowder Pure amorphous carbon is not used in black powder. Charcoal, while it contains carbon, also contains cellulose from incomplete combustion of wood. This gives charcoal a relatively low ignition temperature. Black powder made from pure carbon would barely burn. Gunpowder Composition There is no single recipe for gunpowder. This is because varying the ratio of the ingredients produces different effects. Powder used in firearms needs to burn at a fast rate to quickly accelerate a projectile. A formulation used as a rocket propellant, on the other hand, needs to burn more slowly because it accelerates a body over a long period of time. Cannon, like rockets, use a powder with a slower burn rate. In 1879, the French prepared gunpowder using 75% saltpeter, 12.5% sulfur, and 12.5% charcoal. The same year, the English used gunpowder made from 75% saltpeter, 15% charcoal, and 10% sulfur. One rocket formula consisted of 62.4% saltpeter, 23.2% charcoal, and 14.4% sulfur. Gunpowder Invention Historians believe gunpowder originated in China. Originally, it was used as an incendiary. Later, it found use as a propellant and explosive. It remains unclear when, exactly, gunpowder made its way to Europe. Basically, this is because records describing the use of gunpowder are difficult to interpret. A weapon that produced smoke might have used gunpowder or could have used some other formulation. The formulas that came into use in Europe closely matched those used in China, suggesting the technology was introduced after it had already been developed. Sources Agrawal, Jai Prakash (2010). High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics. Wiley-VCH.Andrade, Tonio (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7.Ashford, Bob (2016). A New Interpretation of the Historical Data on the Gunpowder Industry in Devon and Cornwall.  J. Trevithick Soc.  43: 65–73.Partington, J.R. (1999). A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5954-0.Urbanski, Tadeusz (1967),  Chemistry and Technology of Explosives,  III. New York: Pergamon Press.

Leadership in Film Honor and Glory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership in Film Honor and Glory - Essay Example It speaks about the horrors, rigors and racism of men crossing the North Pole. The basically unknown story of Matthew Henson who has almost been forgotten from history as the co-discoverer of the North Pole simply because of his race. Delroy Lindo gives an excellent portrayal of Matthew Henson who's ability to co-habitat and communicate with the natives allows he and Perry to reach what was once unreachable. Our nation has great discovers and inventors who should not simply be forgotten because they were of a different race. The struggle and anonymity Matthew Henson endured after his trek should never have happened. This movie does a very good job in reminding us that we are a nation of adventurers.. Black and White. History, the saying goes, is written by the winners. As the melancholy English poet Thomas Gray eulogised in his mid-17th century poem "Elegy in a County Churchyard," there is a vast wealth of unrealised human potential resting six feet beneath our feet. How many Miltons and Shakespeares, he asked, have passed us by because of a rigid and unforgiving social system that refused to allow those of humble birth to rise above their station Textbooks happily proclaim that American Admiral Robert Peary discovered the North Pole, but how many of these same books tell the story of the other American who a

EU LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

EU LAW - Essay Example As such, Lord Denning stated that EC law was directly applicable at national level under domestic law. However, the term â€Å"directly applicable† has created ambiguity and the principles of direct effect and indirect effect will determine whether the Council Directive relating to the right of consumers to full contract price refunds (the Directive) is directly applicable under UK law4. If a provision of EC law is directly applicable, section 2(1) of the ECA asserts that â€Å"all such rights, powers, liabilities, obligations and restrictions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ shall be recognised and available in law, and be enforced, allowed and followed accordingly.† The current scenario is concerned with the failure to implement the Directive and this analysis will review whether Christina can enforce the rights she would have had if the Directive had been implemented under the doctrine of direct effect; or alternatively, what her rights are against the state for damage suffered as a result of failure to implement the Directive. The specific nature of directives lies in the type of obligations they impose5. Ultimately Member States have discretion as to how to implement a directive, however they must comply with the positive obligation to implement the directive in the first place6. Problems have arisen as to whether Directives themselves can be invoked by individuals in national courts as giving rise to individual rights7, further compounded by the question as to whether a Member State can be liable for damage resulting from its failure to implement a directive, which is pertinent to Christina’s position. In order to be directly effective, a provision of EC law must constitute a complete legal obligation capable of enforcement as such by a court8. Moreover, in the case of Francovich v Italian Republic9, it was asserted that the pre-requisite for direct effect

The treaty of Versailles Essay Example for Free

The treaty of Versailles Essay The treaty of Versailles caused a reaction of horror and outrage to the Germans. They were being forced to accept a harsh treaty without any choice or even a comment. Hitler hated the treaty of Versailles, and he promised to kick out the treaty of Versailles as he had said in the Nazis Twenty-Five Points. People began to believe in Hitler. His Twenty-Five Point programme showed that the treaty of Versailles could be dealt as any other task, and he promised to abolish it right away. The treaty of Versailles was the most important of the Long-term causes because it gave Hitler the opportunity to share the same ideas as the Germans about the treaty of Versailles. So he took advantage in the middle of a politically destabilized Germany. Short-term causes like the Munich Putsch helped his popularity, which was essential to his rise to power. The Munich Putsch was a disaster for Hitler. People didn’t t rise to support him. Hitler was arrested and charged with treason. In trial, Hitler gained lots of publicity and his ideas were reported in newspapers. Hitler convinced the judges, and got five years in prison instead of a life sentence, but Hitler served only nine months in prison. This concludes that Hitler gained lots of publicity with the Munich Putsch. His ideas were printed on Newspaper, so more and more Germans began liking Hitler’s ideas and voted for him. Other Short-term causes like the Enabling law meant that Hitler had total power over Germany. After being elected chancellor there was nothing anyone else could do not even Hindenburg. He was able to pass laws for the next four years without consulting the Reichstag. Hitler used the power of the Enabling Law to get rid of anything or anyone that limited his authority. Hitler made all sorts of laws. Hitler was completely untouchable. The Weimar Republic was destroyed as an outcome of the Enabling Law. Both long and short term causes in Hitlers rise to power are important. Hitlers wanted revenge over his hatred of the Treaty of Versailles which he said must be torn up. Without this Hitler would have no reason to get into politics and start his journey to power. The economic depression also helped Hitlers rise to power because Germany was vulnerable and the Weimar rebublic had no idea how to solve the problems. People looked for an alternative government that they found in the Nazi party. ≠¤ Although I have already explained how the depression contributed to Hitlers rise to power he may not have had the political knowledge to succeed if it werent for the Munich Putsch several years earlier, which had a short term impact on Germany but a long term effect on Hitlers understanding as he now knew how to destroy democracy using democracy. To sum up, each cause was needed for Hitlers rise to power and many short term causes wouldnt have happened without the long term ones being set in place first. QUESTION #3 The Treaty of Versailles was important to Hitlers rise to power because, it was the cause of Germanys downfall. Hitler felt very strongly about the Treaty of Versailles and thought the terms were unfair towards Germany. Many German people also despised the treaty, and wanted something done about it. Hitler was there to turn to. He wanted to abolish the treaty and all of it terms. Consequently the Treaty of Versailles helped to cause the Economic depression, in Germany. Meaning that the treaty and theeconomic depression were both linked together strongly, because the treaty told Germany to pay reparation bills, around ?6600 million to the countries they damaged during World War 1. Which meant that Germany did not have much money left for it. This caused the start of the economic downfall, among other issues. This was extremely important to Hitlers rise to power, as it enabled him to help the German people and use his oratory skills to impress people with his words and won the nations heart. The economic depression, 1923 1929 is linked with Hitlers oratory, personality and leadership. Although it applies more to the economic disaster of 23 because at this time the German people needed someone to turn to for help and Hitler offered to take them over as someone to lead them to a better Germany, Hitler states some ideas for example the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles and the union of Germany and Austria. These were popular as a lot of Germans also agreed. In my opinion this was the biggest influence to Hitlers rise to power, because all the causes on the list used Hitlers oratory, personality and leadership skills. Hitlers oratory and personality came in to use most in the Munich Putsch situation, when Hitler used his skills to deal with the mess he got in to. He was charged and arrested for treason after hijacking a government meeting and taking over the government of Bavaria. It is linked because in Hitlers trial he impressed the judges so much they only sentenced him to 9 months instead of the normal life sentence. This was important to Hitler if he wouldnt had have been such a great speaker then he would have never had a chance to rule over Germany as well as all the publicity. * All of the reasons on the list were important for Hitler to rise to power in the way that he did. However, even then some reasons are more important than others. Therefore, it is necessary to see which factors were important not only in the way in which he did rise to dictatorship, but also whether Hitler could have risen to power in any other way either with or without some of the factors on the list. Therefore, the Treaty of Versailles was the most important reason on the list to explain why Hitler rose to absolute power in Germany, when he did, how he did, and above all that without it he would have gone into politics but remained a fringe party. The desire in Hitler and others around him was one of the most important reasons why Hitler joined politics. He felt that his country had been betrayed by the NovemberCriminals and that the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh and unfair considering many believed that the German army was still unbeaten. Despite all of this, the Treaty of Versailles was also the most important reason on the list because it was so unfair and because of some of the terms for peace which it stipulated. The main problem was the great loss of German land to other countries and the loss of Germanys industrial heartlands in addition to the great level of reparations. The reparations, which were a result of the Treaty of Versailles and the War Guilt clause, started all of the other factors on the list. If the German people and the army had not felt angered by their treatment under the treaty, they would not have been dissatisfied with the victors of the war, and would not have felt so great a desire for revenge. The Weimar Republics weakness also stemmed from its link to defeat and never had enough power or support to succeed. If the Weimar Republic had not been so weak, hyperinflation would not have occurred and the reparations would have not affected them as much. Without the hyperinflation and the inability to pay reparations, France would not have invaded the Ruhr, which sparked off the Munich Putsch. Furthermore, without reparations the depression would not have hit Germany so badly because they would have been less dependent * The Treaty of Versailles was important to Hitlers rise to power because, it was the cause of Germanys downfall. Hitler felt very strongly about the Treaty of Versailles and thought the terms were unfair towards Germany. Many German people also despised the treaty, and wanted something done about it. Hitler was there to turn to. He wanted to abolish the treaty and all of it terms. Consequently the Treaty of Versailles helped to cause the Economic depression, in Germany. Meaning that the treaty and the economic depression were both linked together strongly, because the treaty told Germany to pay reparation bills, around ?6600 million to the countries they damaged during World War 1. Which meant that Germany did not have much money left for it. This caused the start of the economic downfall, among other issues. This was extremely important to Hitlers rise to power, as it enabled him to help the German people and use his oratory skills to impress people with his words and won the nations heart. The economic depression, 1923 1929 is linked with Hitlers oratory, personality and leadership. Although it applies more to the economic disaster of 23 because at this time the German people needed someone to turn to for help and Hitler offered to take them over as someone to lead them to a better Germany, Hitler states some ideas for example the abolition of the Treaty of Versailles and the union of Germany and Austria. These were popular as a lot of Germans also agreed. In my opinion this was the biggest influence to Hitlers rise to power, because all the causes on the list used Hitlers oratory, personality and leadership skills. * The causes in Hitler’s rise to power may be established in terms of importance, that is how much they contributed to the eventual result. I shall start by choosing a particular reason which I feel to be most important and establish links with other causes from this, although my analysis could change my outlook on the idea of superiority of one cause over another. I have chosen Hitler’s oratory, personality and leadership (OPL) to be the most important cause. Hitler’s OPL was both long term and sustained consistency and were often used to great effect for varying situations. In court, following the Munich Putsch, Hitler was on the sidelines, and seemed inevitable to a heavy prosecution, although a determined oratory along with a characteristic personality won many over and Hitler was significantly let off the hook. Similarly, before many of the ‘causes’ expressed for his rise, had it not been for a rallying personality, and a strong-minded personality during his first meeting with the German Workers Party, Hitler would never have created the future of events, such as the Munich Putsch, and the future of Germany could have been very different. Had it not been for many of these skills, he would not been able to capitalise on opportunities in the unique way that he did, for example, a determined personality with an interest for the country following the economic depression allowed propaganda to gain him vast support, and were it not for an oratory in his style, many of the arguments could have sounded feeble and unconvincing; as emotions were commonplace in speeches. Thus, the point made is that the very means, by which Hitler tackled situations and the outcomes it gave, are central to these skills in oratory, personality and leadership, and without them, Hitler may never have seriously been considered the dictator he became. Hitler’s oratory, personality and leadership may be linked to theeconomic depression, as they have strong connections.

Sustainable Agriculture: The Ethical Choice for the Future Essay

Sustainable Agriculture: The Ethical Choice for the Future Thesis: The idea of sustainable agriculture is a legitimate, logical, and necessary approach to the new concerns and problems stemming from current agricultural trends in light of impending global food shortages and rapid depletion of natural resources. Introduction Agriculture has been a principal source of obtaining food to meet basic needs of humans for thousands of years. More recently, with the industrialization of agriculture, increased efficiency, and a decreased need for small rural farmers, there has been a resulting disconnect of consumers to the process in which their food is produced. As we are embarking on a new century, there is growing concern that perhaps our industrialized agriculture system is not functioning as effectively as it has in the past. It is time that we move to adopt a new paradigm as we realize the effects of modern agriculture on our environment, economic viability, and social justice issues, in light of the impending global food shortage. According to John Ikerd from the University of Missouri, traditional agriculturists currently foresee a continued trend toward fewer, larger, and more specialized production units. They see current trends continuing until a half-dozen or so multinational corporations control vir tually all processing and distribution of agricultural commodities in a single global food and fiber market. With this movement continuing as it is now â€Å"there will be increasing reliance on biological technologies and information technologies at all levels within the global agricultural system. Forecasts of the continued industrialization of agriculture permeate both professional agricultural publications and the popular... ...orld today. It is the ethical choice for those of us concerned with the well-being of future generations and the rural communities today. Works Cited Hassanein, Neva. Changing the Way America Farms. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1999. Bird, Elizabeth Ann R., et al. Planting the Future. Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1995. Pretty, Jules N. Regenerating Agriculture. Joseph Henry Press, Washington D.C., 1995. â€Å"Why so much controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms?† October 25, 2003. <http://www.cimmyt.cgiar.org/ABC/10-FAQaboutGMOs/htm/10-FAQaboutGMOs.htm>. Ikerd, John. "Sustainable Agriculture: A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture" October 25, 2003 <http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm >. â€Å"Disadvantages of No-Till† October 25, 2003. <http://pas.byu.edu/AgHrt282/Tillage/sld023.htm> Sustainable Agriculture: The Ethical Choice for the Future Essay Sustainable Agriculture: The Ethical Choice for the Future Thesis: The idea of sustainable agriculture is a legitimate, logical, and necessary approach to the new concerns and problems stemming from current agricultural trends in light of impending global food shortages and rapid depletion of natural resources. Introduction Agriculture has been a principal source of obtaining food to meet basic needs of humans for thousands of years. More recently, with the industrialization of agriculture, increased efficiency, and a decreased need for small rural farmers, there has been a resulting disconnect of consumers to the process in which their food is produced. As we are embarking on a new century, there is growing concern that perhaps our industrialized agriculture system is not functioning as effectively as it has in the past. It is time that we move to adopt a new paradigm as we realize the effects of modern agriculture on our environment, economic viability, and social justice issues, in light of the impending global food shortage. According to John Ikerd from the University of Missouri, traditional agriculturists currently foresee a continued trend toward fewer, larger, and more specialized production units. They see current trends continuing until a half-dozen or so multinational corporations control vir tually all processing and distribution of agricultural commodities in a single global food and fiber market. With this movement continuing as it is now â€Å"there will be increasing reliance on biological technologies and information technologies at all levels within the global agricultural system. Forecasts of the continued industrialization of agriculture permeate both professional agricultural publications and the popular... ...orld today. It is the ethical choice for those of us concerned with the well-being of future generations and the rural communities today. Works Cited Hassanein, Neva. Changing the Way America Farms. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1999. Bird, Elizabeth Ann R., et al. Planting the Future. Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1995. Pretty, Jules N. Regenerating Agriculture. Joseph Henry Press, Washington D.C., 1995. â€Å"Why so much controversy over Genetically Modified Organisms?† October 25, 2003. <http://www.cimmyt.cgiar.org/ABC/10-FAQaboutGMOs/htm/10-FAQaboutGMOs.htm>. Ikerd, John. "Sustainable Agriculture: A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture" October 25, 2003 <http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm >. â€Å"Disadvantages of No-Till† October 25, 2003. <http://pas.byu.edu/AgHrt282/Tillage/sld023.htm>

Henry David Thoreau †“Why I Went to the Woods” Essay

This excerpt is from his famous essay, â€Å"On the Duty of Civil Disobedience†. First, some background; in 1842, his brother John died of lockjaw. Three years later, Henry decided to write a book commemorating a canoe trip he had taken with John in 1839. Seeking a quiet place to write, he followed a friend’s suggestion and built a small cabin on the north shore of Walden Pond on a piece of land owned by his friend and mentor, Ralph Waldo Emerson. He started work on his cabin in March of 1845. On the 4th of July, he moved in. Thus began one of the great and lasting experiments in life and thought of the whole of human experience. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.† Thoreau otherwise filled his time by working in his garden, talking with visitors, reading, and writing in his diary. B ut most of all, he walked and thought, and it’s difficult to tell now which was the more important activity. It seems that, in his two years living in his little cabin in the woods he brought himself to a state of conscious living, where thought and action were harmoniously combined. This story is about his rejection of the world’s definition of ‘success’ and so he demanded a life of personal freedom. He went to the woods, built a humble cabin on the edge of Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts†¦and learned about nature and life. He rejected the Establishment and all its trappings. He saw such possessions as fancy clothes and elaborate furniture as so much extra baggage. He demanded a fresh, uncluttered existence with time for self-exploration. He would, he told the world, â€Å"breathe after his own fashion.† All aspects of life for Thoreau focused on simplicity. When Thoreau’s two years at Walden had ended, he left with no regrets: â€Å"I left the woods for as good a reason as why I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives t o live, and could not spare any more time for that one . . . â€Å" His experiment had been a success. Thoreau had learned many lessons, had taken time to examine his inner self and his world, and proved he could live under the simplest conditions and still be fulfilled: â€Å"I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that as one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.† To him, most men live lives of â€Å"quiet desperation,† and have needed to simplify, to cast off material  encumbrances and achieve true freedom. The stages of spiritual evolution that a man passes through all prepare him for the more difficult inner development; and every man, he believed, possesses an inner spiritual instinct which, if nurtured and cared for, will divulge his divine nature.

Nature and Nurture Influences Essay

We were asked to write a paper on Nature and Nurture influences on a child development. There has been a debate for years about this topic. Some phycologist believe that it is just nature that you are born with the genes from you parents to make you the way you are through evolution. Then there are those that it is just the nurturing we receive as babies or even in the womb through our child hood. That both Nature and Nurture go together in some way. The difference between Nature and Nurture will be described and the relationship between the two. I will explain the biological, environmental, societal, and cultural influences on child development in relation to nature versus nurture. This debate has gone one since 1970’s, when some studies showed the social behaviors of primates like chimpanzees and gorillas that this was humans closest relatives genetically speaking (Garcà ­a, J. 2014). The increased social significance of gay and lesbian rights in recent years has sparked in terest among some researchers as to the causes of homosexuality. Supporters of gay rights claim that homosexuality is natural and innate, while many opponents of gay rights often claim that homosexuality is a lifestyle choice (Garcà ­a, J. 2014). These are big debatable topics that they say is all nature. I disagree I am a Christian and go by the bible not scientist sorry that’s my belief. Whether you are gay or believe we come from monkeys that’s fine. I believe it is a choice you choose to be the way you are it’s your life style that’s fine. We are nurtures from the time we are conceived parents talk to their babies will in the womb. The fetus does respond to noise we say the ABC’s to them when they are born we hold them feed them. When our children get older or fall as a child we kiss their wounds to make them feel better. We teach them to ride bikes some grasp it faster than others we  encourage our children to do their best in everything they do. I have four children they are all different the pregnancies was different. My pregnancies with my sons I was not sick with either. First child sleep great hardly sick. The second pregnancy my son was sick for the first year had colic ear infe ctions was rough. The pregnancies with my girls I was sick had acid reflux in the beginning of the third pregnancy fourth was a girl acid reflux during my whole pregnancy. They both had it in the beginning as well, but my youngest daughter still have attacks of acid reflux. Not everything is genetic we get our looks from our parents some are great musicians, but their child doesn’t follow their footsteps and can play any instrument. I peck a piano my daughter taught herself other children do not know how to play. Factor, in the study of development, nature refers to the inherited (genetic) characteristics and tendencies that influence development. Nurture affects children’s development through multiple channels: physically through nutrition, activity, and stress; intellectually through informal experiences and formal instruction; and socially through adult role models and peer relationships. In contrast, abilities in traditional school subject areas (e.g., reading, geography) and advanced artistic and physical skills (e.g., playing the piano, playing competitive soccer) rest heavily on instruction and practice (Gardner, Torff, & Hatch, 1996; Olson, 1994; R. Watson, 1996). So in conclusion you will always have those that will say we still come from monkeys and those are the facts. I still do not believe that never will. Then there will be those that say that its nature that we are the way we are. I believe that nature is apart , but mostly nurture started in the beginning of life’s creation from the seed to the implantation thru adult hood. References http://www.education.com/reference/article/nature-nurture/ http://www.howcast.com/videos/513307-nature-vs-nurture-child-development Garcà ­a, J. (2014). Nature versus nurture debate. Research Starter Topics, http://video.about.com/genealogy/What-Is-Nature-Vs–Nurture-.htm

American Romanticism essays

American Romanticism essays The literary movement known as American Romanticism can be traced back to August 31, 1837, when Waldo Emerson addressed the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard College. His words became known as dazzling spell of creative energy that produced some of the most esteemed works of all time: Melvilles Moby Dick, Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, and Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass. Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Emerson, Whitman, and Henry David Thoreau define American Romanticism through transcendentalism, Nature, and the individual in American Romanticism. American Romantics were undoubtedly influenced by the dramatic political and social changes taking place in the early nineteenth century. The literature of American Romanticism is considered the first illustration of American literary genius. American Romanticism is expressed in a belief of self-reliance, and being humanistic. Writers associated with the romantic period matured and worked in a constantly growing nation whose conflicts where internal. The chief characteristics of the American Romantic Movement are vitality and spring time freshness. One must remember that during this movement another American spring was taking place; F.O. Matthiessen notably put it, as an American Renaissance. According to McDowell, the romantic writers sought self-reliance as individuals an as members of a newly independent nation. We will walk with our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak with our own minds. In these words Ralph Waldo Emerson gave voice to the persuasive self reliance of the Romantic Generation. Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville and Whitman are unified by a common interest in the problems of humanity. These writers sought to explain the world by gaining a better understanding of man hims elf. Transcendentalism was a religious and intellectual movement that was a revolt ...

Important Dangers of Ordering a Fake High School Diploma

Important Dangers of Ordering a Fake High School Diploma SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Fake high school diplomas are definitely out there. Whether you're thinking about purchasing one or doing your utmost to avoid ending up with just such a phony document, pause a moment and read this article. We'll cover reasons why a person might get a fake diploma, whether it's legal to get one, and how to make sure any document you obtain is the real deal, not a fake. Why Do People Get Fake High School Diplomas? There are a few reasons a person might look into getting a fake diploma. Some reasons are perfectly innocent, and some are more devious. However, even the supposedly innocent reasons have a somewhat fishy feeling to them- it seems very odd, for instance, that someone would invest a few hundred dollars in a very realistic-looking replica diploma intended only as a practical joke prop. Dishonest Reasons Dishonest reasons include submitting a fake high school diploma to convince a school or potential employer that you have credentials you never earned. This is the primary reason you'd need such an exactly convincing version of of diploma. It's hard to imagine why you would need to dupe people so entirely unless you honestly wanted them to believe that the document was official. Practical Reasons Many sites offering fake diplomas point out that high school diplomas are relatively likely to get lost and relatively difficult to replace. (If you're in this boat, read our guide to replacing a missing diploma.) The idea is, then, that a substitute might be a nice thing to have and to hand down to future generations. There's some logic to this argument, and yet it seems odd to hand down a fake diploma; I struggle to understand why future generations would be so attached to a stand-in document in place of simply knowing the true story of how Grandpa Bill lost his diploma from such-and-such a high school. Just-for-Fun Reasons There are all sorts of practical jokes a person could play with a fake diploma- not to mention straight-up teasing. One online figure mentioned getting a fake diploma for his dog. The question, then, becomes why you would need a document of such high (deceptive) quality; does Fido really need a seal produced with the precise embossing style that colleges use? I say no. He's sad because his diploma isn't 100% realistic. What Can You Do With a Fake High School Diploma? High school diplomas serve as a way to prove to the world that you completed your high school education with passing grades. Most of the time, you're trying to satisfy a college or an employer about your educational background; schools and businesses want to know that you have the level of education they require of their students or employees. This is where we circle back to the dishonest reasons for getting a fake diploma listed above; with a phony document, a person may be able to garner an acceptance to a college or business that would not otherwise have been offered. The story typically doesn't conclude with a happy ending, though, as we will see in the following section. What Can Happen If You Get a Fake Diploma? For one thing, it's extremely likely that you'll be discovered. In most cases, a simple phone call from the college or business to the school from which you allegedly graduated is enough to undermine your plans. Plus, organizations like schools and background check companies keep tabs on illegitimate diploma operations, updating their databases frequently. Discovery means loss of any position you may have gained with the aid of your fake diploma- at best. It can mean prosecution and conviction at worst. Are Fake Diplomas Legal or Illegal? Fake diplomas occupy a legal gray area. Laws are not stringent on this particular issue, and the exact strictness of laws varies somewhat by state. The actual production or ownership of a fake diploma is apparently not illegal if it's not technically a forgery of an actual document (for example, a replica of a Harvard diploma). Using a fake diploma to gain goods or a position you would otherwise not have access to is considered fraud, however, and can be legally prosecuted. Plus, if you're performing services you're not qualified to perform under the cover of your fake diploma, that's a big legal problem- especially if anyone suffers harm as a result. GUILTY. How to Get a Legitimate High School Diploma First and foremost, getting a high school diploma requires time and work. There's no way to get a valid diploma without completing a number of graduation requirements. There are several options for students wishing to put in the necessary work to get a high school diploma. You can, of course, attend a traditional high school. Your local school district is always a great place to start exploring that option. There's also night school, which usually intended for students who need to make up a few credits, not those wishing to start and finish their high school careers there. There are alternative high schools, too, which are structurally like your average high school but have their totally non-traditional methods. There's also the online option. Online high schools are becoming more popular these days; they basically entail getting curriculum from an online source and turning assignments in remotely. Typically, there are lectures or discussions to attend via chat or video conference. In some cases, you may want to think about the GED, which is primarily intended for students no longer enrolled in high school who have not earned their high school diplomas, though there are other circumstances where the GED might make the best sense. You can learn more about the GED and how to get a GED online through other articles on our blog. Don't you mostly just want to wear that funny hat, though? How to Make Sure the Diploma You're Getting Is Real If you're thinking of buying a diploma online, you're most likely more interested in the online mode of schooling, so these tips will focus primarily on identifying legitimate online institutions. Traits of a Legitimate Online High School Online high schools need accreditation, unless they happen to be run by a specific school district or through the state. This is a hugely important quality to check up on; accreditation is absolutely essential. You can check with your state's department of education or attorney general to see if an online program is accredited or otherwise approved. Also check out our own article explaining accredited online programs. While reviews are not 100% reliable, do check what reviewers have to say. Also, look up the online program you're considering with the Better Business Bureau. A legitimate online high school should have reasonable reviews; not everyone may be in love with the school, but if there are a lot of accusations of illegitimacy, it's something to be concerned about. Call a well-respected college and see if they would accept a diploma from the program you're looking at. If they would, that's a good sign you're on the right path; if they wouldn't, keep searching. Warning Signs of a Fake Online High School Fake online schools often charge a flat fee for a degree program, rather than charging by class or credit. Fake online schools frequently charge for the diploma itself, in addition to or instead of classes. Fake online schools may entail little or no coursework and promise little to no interaction with teachers. Some promise degrees based solely off of life experience with no classes required. Fake online schools may promise you a degree in a very short amount of time- months, weeks, or just days. The address (not just the mailing address, but the actual address of the school) may be shown as a P.O. Box rather than a physical location. The name of the school may be a knock-off of a legitimate institution. Also, some schools will maintain a cheap-looking website full of typos as well as a well-groomed and professional website, just so that you'll assume the well-groomed website must be legitimate. Look at this beautiful website! How could it possibly be unreliable? Conclusion The moral of the story here is that fake high school diplomas are, overall, not good things. They may be technically legal in some cases, and some people use them for innocent reasons, but mostly they're fraudulent and put to fraudulent use. There are ways to make sure that any program you're enrolling in is the real deal, so make sure you do your homework. Don't get stuck with a fake high school diploma: it's not worth it. What's Next? Are you wondering whether online high school is right for you? Before you make any commitments, read our articles on the pros and cons of that set-up and whether or not you need a high school diploma in the first place. If you do decide to go with an online high school, read about how to make sure you're getting the best experience possible. Another thing to consider is whether you might want to get your GED. Find out what this means and why you might want one in our article on that very credential. We also cover how to take the GED online and the best GED practice tests here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Stakeholder analysis and scope definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stakeholder analysis and scope definition - Essay Example In addition to these, an existing ERP system should be identified as one that would meet the reporting requirements of the top management. In the development of the GUI to suit the requirements of the organization, a website with the ability to host email or live interaction between customers and sales or order processing personnel (Martin, 2006). The project manager in this case is hired on merits and experience and, therefore, his attention is divided as other projects are underway. While the project manager is expected to dedicate full attention to the tasks of this project, other members are likely to have conflicts with the idea of him running other businesses. This creates the illusion that the time allocation to tasks would involve distributing management duties to supervisor and the project analyst. Other conflicts that would be foreseeable include the project manager’s interaction with other stakeholders such as the supervisor. The supervisor is likely to feel like a project analysis is not required as he does the daily analysis and control of tasks. Finally, the sponsor is likely to dispute budget changes in case initial estimation does not meet the project goals while the programmer is tasked with code writing tasks as hourly compensation in this case may not reflect the skills needed and the magnitude of wo rk done. Influence in the project management and planning is defined as the potential capacity that would enable each stakeholder to perform. Understanding the influence of each stakeholder will help the project manager to define the scope of the project while placing the stakeholders in their correct and suitable areas of expertise. In addition, the project would anticipate that stakeholders with different experiences and records are likely to perform with specific resources and have the ability to work under pressure and

Analysis of the fashion industry, Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis of the fashion industry, - Assignment Example Fashion weeks held in the US brings in huge amount of money into the country’s reserve. On the other hand, the UK fashion industry is worth  £26 billion (Pithers, 2014). Even in the UK, this industry accounts for high number of jobs. Report states that during the London Fashion Week, more than  £100 million of orders are placed. In fashion industry, the market is segmented according to brands, which is generally concerned with creativity involved in the product design and another as per market, which again is determined by price of the product that the consumer is willing to pay. The clothing that are made in factory setting and not by hand are referred as ready-to-wear (RTW). They are also sold in the market in standard sizes (D’Aveni, 2010). These cloths are manufactured so that consumers can wear them without excessive alteration owing to the standard sizes. On the other hand, diffusion line is created by high-end fashion brands or fashion designers. These are secondary merchandises, which are available in the market at lower prices. This helps in increasing sales volume as the customer base becomes wider with lowering of the price. By leveraging desirability of the premium ranges, designers successfully tap the market through a halo effect (D’Aveni, 2010). In case of RTW clothes, the buyers’ needs are taken care of as sizes offered are standardised in nature and fit properly to majority of individuals. These clothes hardly require any alteration, which means the product is available to consumers at the desired time. Generally, this is followed by all fashion brands at present. The diffusion, on the contrary, is to increase the consumer base as brands start a secondary merchandise line, which is sold at lower prices than the primary one. There are takers for fashionable merchandises if available at affordable price. The brands are aware of the same, which is why they have taken the path of

Academic and career plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic and career plans - Essay Example The diversity commitment at the university will allow me thrive academically and socially as I will be supported in my academic pursuits. Going through the integrative and global foundations core classes will give me the opportunity to preview what the school has to offer, enabling me to choose the right major(s). International firms such as Ernst & Young and the United Nations pique my interest as I look for career options. Considering that ninety-four percent of undergraduate students coming out of Kelley School of Business report a full time job or acceptance to graduate school within ninety days of graduation, I feel secure and confident that I will be a success in the workforce. There have been obstacles and challenges throughout my educational career. I am currently enduring challenges of meeting my college application deadlines and maintaining my school work. Sometimes I feel like giving up; however, being a student that falls in the seventy-fifth percentile in standardized test scores, it is crucial for me to do all the scholarship applications I can. While I was having the time of my life in this club, I noticed that membership, participation, and fundraising efforts were lacking. I decided to run for president in the 2013-2014 school year, with goals of increasing membership, improving communication, and conducting successful fund raising projects. My campaign was successful and I am now the FBLA president. I spent a great deal of time coming up with and executing various marketing strategies to make the name of FBLA better known all through the school, and even in the community. Our membership has increased by one-third. Our communication sources are much better; therefore, more members participate in our events. We are currently raising funds by selling â€Å"Hornet Stingers† (chicken bites) and fries at the Hillside football games, a project that has enhanced my leadership

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Example for Free

Report of Sun flower shop Essay Sun flower shop is a small flower shop at Petaling Street. The shop has got 500 square feet big only. I have got sell many flower such as sun flowers, orchid, rose, lily, daisy and etc. Then, our shop also has delivery service for customer too. Almost our flower is from Cameron highland but some is imported from oversea. I was started this business since last year December. The beginning of the business is not very good. It is very hard to preserve the business. Sometimes, I may get one or two business in a day and I was carried all the flower to the garden or in front of shopping complex to ask couple buy the flowers from me. I will never forget the period of time memory. Even though, the sky is raining, I still holding the entire flower and ran to the mall. Last month was a busy month for me. I have been did a big promotion for those couple who came to buy flower during the valentine week, such as who has bought above 12 branch of roses will get free delivery service around KL area only , who bought above 24 branch of roses will get 10 % discount and so on. The most luck is i was hired a good helper. She is very good in designing and wrapping flowers. You give her some braches of the flowers and she will make her became a very wonderful bouquet of flowers. Many customers are praising her profusely on her technique of wrapping flower and they always will come back to my shop. So, I have been earned Rm 5000 for last month and I was really happy with it. After the promotion, this month my shop business becomes more stable. Now, I have got my regular customers and business. Besides that, I would like to share good news to you. Yesterday, a boy come to my shop and ordered to send 11 branch roses to his girl friend office for one month and he also order 500 branch roses and 100 lilies for his wedding event on next 2 months. I really get shock and happy to accept this order. Then, I also have been signed agreement with him and he also agreed to pay 50% deposit first. In addition, I also have accepted some order from wedding planner company and long term to provide flowers for them. Finally, I would like tell you my new plan. I have been planned to make my shop be bigger and extensive my business. Besides that, my helper also wants to join in our business. She will invest RM 15000 in our account. So I still holding 50% of the share, you are holding the 25 % of the share and she also is holding 25% of the share. I think end of this year, I will give you the bonus and very fast you can earn back your money. If you free, you are welcome to visit us at KL. I believe I will make the business bigger and I will create a website to our shop, so that people can order through internet.

Groupware Essay -- science

Groupware A powerful requirement for businesses to effectively compete in today’s global market place is the ability for collaboration between business units, work teams and individuals. The value of collaboration is its potential to contribute toward increasing productivity, reducing costs, growing profit and improve service or product quality (Alavi, M., 1994). Technology that has been designed to support collaborative group work is referred to as groupware. This impacts on the way people communicate with each other, the way people work and even the structure of an organization. Groupware are technology based tools that facilitate groups of geographically dispersed people to share knowledge and information using computer based resources (Dennis et al., 1996). These tools allow humans to collaborate on projects where members may contribute directly or anonymously (Nunamaker et al., 1991). Groupware includes the ability to send and receive data, emails, share personal calendars, hold video conferencing and workflow management (Kilmer, 1999). Kilmer, (1999 ) states that popular products that fit into this category include Lotus Notes, email, intranet, internet, electronic conferencing and other collaborative tools. Groupware allows for new organizational design and practices. It provides new potential for how work groups or teams can enhance their coordination when performing activities and assigned tasks. Groupware technology addresses the need for collaboration, human to human interaction and builds on the latest advances in information technology. The rapid development of groupware technology means the term is not clearly defined (Lloyd, P. 1994), essentially the term refers to any computer based technology that helps a group work better collaboratively over digital media (Lloyd, P. 1994). According to Ellis et al., (1991) groupware falls into many categories from simple to complex systems. Ellis et al., (1991), distinguish two main categories when viewing groupware; time space and application level categories. Time space groupware are those tools conceived to enhance communication and collaboration within a real time interaction. The scenarios which encompass this include same time/same place, same time/different place, different time/same place and different time/different place (Ellis et al., 1991). Groupware which are classified as s... ...Across Space, Time, and Organization with Technology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. - Lloyd, P., 1994, Groupware in the 21st Century, Praeger, Westport, CT. - Maier, N, 1967, "Assets and liabilities of group problem solving: the need for an integrative function", Psychological Review, 74, 4, 239-49. - Nunamaker, J., Dennis, A., Valacich, J., Vogel, D., 1991, "Electronic meeting systems to support group work", Communications of the ACM, 34, 7, 40-61. - Pava, C, 1983, Managing New Office Technology, Free Press,, New York, NY. - SAP GLOBAL, 2005, http://www.sap.com/solutions/netweaver/enterpriseportal/featuresfunctions /knowledgemanagement.epx - Shulman, A.D, 1996, "Putting group information technology in its place: communication and good work group performance", Clegg, S.R, Hardy, C., Nord, W.R., Handbook of Organization Studies, Sage Publication,, London, 357-74. - Taylor, J.C, 1998, "Participative design: linking BPR and SAP with the STS approach", Journal of Organizational Management, 11, 13, 233-45. - Yen, D.C, Wen H.J, Binshan, L. and Chou, D.C. 1999, â€Å"Groupware: a strategic analysis and implementation†, Industrial Management & Data Systems 99/2 64–70

“One Friday Morning” by Langston Hughes Essay

The short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† by Langston Hughes is about a young African American girl, Nancy Lee, who recently moved to the north with her parents so they may provide her with a better life and schooling. Extremely talented in watercolor painting, she aspired to make that her major in college. Because of racial discrimination, she was denied the scholarship that would have been her ticket to a brighter future. Sadly, there are some people in the world that are blinded by race and forget how America was supposed to be a place with equal rights and justice for all. Langston Hughes brings in themes like racism, equal rights between human beings, racial and national pride, and of course the American dream. His biggest aim is to show the world how colored people are treated and that present day America doesn’t fulfill the American dream of all men being equal. Nancy Lee may be a colored girl, but at times she forgets she has a different skin color than the rest of her classmates. Her peers overlook her race as well, they see her as nothing but a young and talented individual. Nancy Lee painted an award winning piece of art worthy of a scholarship to an art institute. The painting was of her grandmother sitting on a park bench looking at the American flag on a bright sunny day. This represents a dream that Nancy Lee wanted to express; that all people are equal and deserve to be treated as such. Unfortunately, the art institute didn’t realize that Nancy Lee was a colored girl at the time they chose her painting. When it was made known, they decided to give the scholarship to a white student. They felt if Nancy Lee were to attend the Institute, it would cause controversy amongst others. On the day Nancy Lee was to receive the award, she was told by her principal Miss O’Shay that she would not be able to accept this essential scholarship solely because of the color of her skin. Miss O’Shay regrettably informed Nancy Lee that â€Å"When the committee learned that you were colored, they changed their plans† (Hughes 5). Miss O’Shay did her best to encourage Nancy Lee not to give up and to fight for her dreams. In the story they compare Miss O’Shay with abolitionists and the first white teachers who went to the Deep South to teach the freed slaves. Nancy Lee looked up at her principal and noticed the bright spring day through the open window that resembled her painting. This is a metaphor for the close proximity of the utopia depicted in her art that would have no discrimination and in which all people would be treated equally. (expand on this idea!) At the weekly assembly, Nancy Lee took her seat along with three thousand other students. She turned her head and said the pledge to the flag, a symbolism of freedom and equal rights with â€Å"†¦liberty and justice for all†. She then decided that even though she’s not receiving the scholarship that was rightfully hers, she’s determined to â€Å"fight to see that these things don’t happen to other girls as this has happened to me. And men and women like Miss O’Shay will help me† (Hughes 6). This shows that Nancy Lee isn’t willing to accept that the scholarship was withdrawn simply because of her race, and that with help from people like Miss O’Shay, she is going to start a revolution to make sure that this won’t happen in the future to people like her. Discrimination is all around us; everyone is discriminated against at one point in his or her life. Langston Hughes, an African-American writer, wrote the short story â€Å"One Friday Morning† to describe the experience of one particular girl who was discriminated in her school because she was colored. Life brings many disappointments, all of which make a person stronger. Unfortunately, there will always be discrimination, as it is a part of life. This story is a great example of seeing someone being discriminated against while putting the reader in the main character’s shoes to feel what it feels like to be them. Discrimination occurs for many reasons. A good reason is we become wiser from it and realize that no one deserves to be treated unfairly. From her personal experiences, Nancy Lee will go on to motivate other people to move closer to achieving the high ideal extolled in the Pledge of Allegiance. â€Å"†¦one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.†

Acquaint yourself with the characters in the story Essay

Read through the story and write down a few points that summarise the plotof the story. Acquaint yourself with the characters in the story. plot The structure of the storyline, the way in which the action develops. This will usually include the settings, the development of character, crisis or climax and resolution   The plot is about two young people, Sandra and Kerry, who belong to the Good Neighbours’ Club.   They go to do volunteer work at Mrs Rutter’s house. She is an elderly lady who lives past Packer’s End, a field that was said to be haunted. Sandra is not pleased that it is Kerry she is working with, as she had hoped it would be her friend, Susie.   After some time, Mrs Rutter tells them the story of what really happened at Packer’s End during the war.   An enemy plane was shot down over the field and she and her sister (Dot) went to investigate the crash.   They found the plane, but also found one of the soldiers in it still alive.   Because it was the enemy and because her own husband had been killed in the war, Mrs Rutter leaves the soldier to die overnight. When they arrive at the scene the next morning, he is still alive, but they don’t get any help for him. * The young people are shocked by what she tells them and Sandra suddenly sees Mrs Rutter in a new light, but she also sees Kerry in a new light. Sandra She is a young girl who is a volunteer at the Good Neighbour’s Club. She tells us that she is â€Å"nervy† and we see this when she walks past Packer’s End. She describes how when she was younger she had thought there were wolves and witches and tigers in the wood. This changed and when she was about twelve she heard that a German plane had gone down there, but had also heard stories about gypsies and rapists. She is a conventional young girl who would like to have a â€Å"bit of a giggle† with her friend, Susie, and is disappointed that Kerry Stevens with his â€Å"blacked licked-down hair and slitty eyes† was joining her at Mrs Rutter’s. Kerry is described in detail in lines 135 – 139. What does this description suggest to you? It is mostly about his appearance – acne, pale flesh – all that Sandra is concerned with is his appearance at first. This changes at the end of the story. She doesn’t know how Kerry can stand having dirt and grime under his nails from working on cars and â€Å"she thought of oily workshop floors, of the fetid underside of cars† (line 207). She thinks that Mrs Rutter will be old and kind and thinks that â€Å"old Mrs Rutter with her wonky leg would be ever so pleased to see them because they were really sweet, lots of the old people† (lines 93 – 94). Mrs Rutter She is seen at first to be a typical old lady who lives at Nether Cottage and is described as â€Å"a dear old thing, all on her own† (lines 4 – 5). Her behaviour and the setting of the cottage (see Setting) portray her as ordinary. She is described as â€Å"a cottage-loaf of a woman, with a face below which chins collapsed into one another, a creamy smiling pool of a face in which her eyes snapped and darted† (lines 97 – 99). This description of her appearance certainly doesn’t convey anything but a gentle old woman. Kerry Stevens He is a typical teenage boy with acne and â€Å"blacked licked-down hair† who is pleased when he gives Sandra a fright when they meet at Packer’s End. He is shocked by Mrs Rutter’s story and vows never to go â€Å"near that old bitch again† (line 364). Setting Packer’s End and Nether Cottage are where the story takes place. Packer’s End is described as a scary place where dreadful things have happened – â€Å"You didn’t go by yourself through Packer’s End if you could help it, not after teatime, anyway† (lines 30 – 31). Nether Cottage is described as being filled with sweet ornaments and pictures. Look at the description in lines 101 – 105 and try to imagine what the room looked like. Does this tell us anything about Mrs Rutter? The room is cluttered, but quite homely. The ornaments are all of rabbits and kittens and milkmaids and children – these are hardly sinister. She comes across as someone who likes collecting memorabilia Look at the description in lines 144 – 145 â€Å"a composite chintzy mass from which the cushions oozed and her voice flowed softly on. † This is a cosy description which portrays her as a nice old woman. The structure of this story relies on the reader ‘getting to know’ Mrs Rutter as a gentle woman who lives alone and is quite helpless because of her â€Å"wonky leg†. When she does tell us the horrific story of the plane going down and her and Dot’s failure to save the man who is still alive, it becomes all the more horrific and we realise, with Sandra, that people are not always what they seem and that there is definitely â€Å"darkness out there. † This makes the realisation that much more startling and effective. â€Å"Everything is not as it appears, oh no† (line 384). We are also then able to comprehend why Sandra sees such a change in Kerry. The change in Kerry is also well set up as in the beginning, from Sandra’s descriptions, we are led to believe that he is not special and yet at the end Sandra says things like â€Å"He had grown; he had got older and larger. His anger eclipsed his acne, the patches of grease on his jeans, his lardy midriff†¦ † (lines 373 – 375). Look at the last two paragraphs: pick out the images of darkness. How do these images link to the story and to the title? â€Å"You could get people wrong and there was a darkness that was not the darkness of tree shadows and murky undergrowth†¦ † (lines 375 – 377) â€Å"†¦and the next you glimpsed darkness, an inescapable darkness. The darkness was out there and it was a part of you and you would never be without it, ever. † (lines 380 – 382) These quotations refer to darkness, because the speaker in the story has just glimpsed inescapable darkness herself in the form of Mrs Rutter. This has changed the way she thinks about other people and the way in which she will view the world from now on. She says it will be with her for ever and she will never be without it now that she knows what it is. She will never be able to see a person, no matter how nice and innocent they look, as just that. This story deals with a young girl’s realisation about life. Her whole outlook on life changes at the end of the story. Choose one other story in the anthology that deals with this issue and show how the authors present this issue to us. Describe what the issue is and look at how their characters deal with it. (A good comparison would be Superman and Paula Brown’s Snowsuit. ) Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Five Things the Pulps Can Teach Us About Making More Money as a Writer

Five Things the Pulps Can Teach Us About Making More Money as a Writer From the early 1930s to the late 1950s, hundreds of writers churned out thousands of stories in cheap magazines printed on yellow pulp paper for a hungry audience craving action, adventure, mystery, romance and thrills. Writing for often less than a penny a word, these writers produced the equivalent of two or three 40,000 word manuscripts per month! And that work ethic can help todays writers be more productive and profitable. Here are five things these famous (or sometimes infamous) writers from the golden age of the pulps can teach us about making more money as a writer in today’s changing publishing industry. Thing #1. Write faster When guys like Walter Gibson (creator of The Shadow) and Lester Dent (creator of Doc Savage) needed 40,000 words turned in every month, they didn’t mess around. They learned how to write fast, because the faster they could write, the more fiction they could churn out, and the more they could get paid. Traditional publishing, with its long time to market for books, used to punish writers for being fast, but thanks to self-publishing, those attitudes are changing. Your readers are out there starving for what you write. If you make them wait, they’ll just go read somebody else, and they might forget about you. Don’t give them that chance! Thing #2: Write more books I know what you’re thinking. You probably have a day job, a family, and other time commitments, and you’re doing good to finish one book a year. But you don’t have to already be a bestselling author free of the day job before you can churn out more work in a calendar year. I’ve met plenty of writers who were able to put out three books a year, with very demanding full time jobs. You can do it, too. Just try to work up to writing 1,000 words a day, seven days a week, and in a year’s time you’ll have amassed at least three novels’ worth of first drafts! Thing #3: Write shorter books Admittedly, this is a bit harder to get away with than it used to be, depending on the genre you write. To charge the purchase prices big publishers need to turn a profit on each of their titles, they’ve demanded more and more words from their authors over the years. But thanks to self-publishing and ebooks, word count isn’t as important as it once was. Your readers won’t feel short-changed if the story they just read was 50K or 180K words, as long as they enjoyed it. Thing #4: Write different genres Writing the same thing all the time gets old pretty quickly, so branch out. If you’ve been writing period romance for a while, give a mystery a try. Genre hopping will keep you fresh and your work feeling new. Worried about alienating your readers?   Use a penname for the new genre. Thing #5: Write a series Publishing today has only rather recently latched on to the notion that pulp hacks - and pulp readers - have known for more than a century: People love a good series. A stroll down the aisle at your local bookstore reveals dozens of series in every genre, from epic fantasy to paranormal romance to thrillers. Readers just cant get enough of characters like Easy Rawlins, Jack Reacher, or Sandman Slim. Writing a series lets you really get to know the characters, making them easier to write. There you go, a few tricks of the pulp trade that can help you be a writing success today. Now go write!

Mary Osgood Biography

Mary Osgood Biography Known for:  accused of witchcraft, arrested and imprisoned in the 1692  Salem witch trials Age at time of Salem witch trials:  about 55 Dates:  about 1637 to October 27, 1710 Also known as: Mary Clements Osgood, Clements was also written as Clement Before the Salem Witch Trials We have little information other than basic civil records for Mary Osgood before 1692. She was born in in Warwickshire, England and came to Andover, Massachusetts province in about 1652. In 1653, she married John Osgood Sr. who had been born in Hampshire, England and arrived in Massachusetts about 1635.  John Osgood owned considerable land in Andover and was a successful husbandman. They had 13 children together: John Osgood Jr. (1654-1725), Mary Osgood Aslett (1656-1740), Timothy Osgood (1659-1748), Lydia Osgood Frye (1661-1741), Constable Peter Osgood (1663-1753), Samuel Osgood (1664-1717), Sarah Osgood (1667-1667), Mehitable Osgood Poor (1671-1752), Hannah Osgood (1674-1674), Sarah Osgood Perley (1675-1724), Ebenezer Osgood (1678-1680), Clarence Osgood (1678-1680), and Clements Osgood (1680-1680). Accused and Accuser Mary Osgood was one of a group of Andover women arrested in early September, 1692. According to a petition after the trials were over, two of the afflicted girls were summoned to Andover to diagnose an illness of Joseph Ballard and his wife.  Local residents, including Mary Osgood, were blindfolded and then made to lay hands on the afflicted. If the girls fell down in fits, they were arrested.  Mary Osgood, Martha Tyler, Deliverance Dane, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson, and Hannah Tyler were taken to Salem Village, immediately examined there, and pressured to confess.  Most did.  Mary Osgood confessed to afflicting Martha Sprague and Rose Foster as well as various other deeds. She implicated others including Goody Tyler (either Martha or Hannah), Deliverance Dane, and Goody Parker.  She also implicated Rev. Francis Dean who was never arrested. Motives for Her Arrest She was accused with a group of women from Andover. They may have been targeted because of their wealth, power, or success in town, or because of association with Rev. Francis Dane (his daughter-in-law Deliverance Dane was in the group arrested and examined together). Fight for Release Her son, Peter Osgood, was a constable who, with Mary’s husband, Captain John Osgood Sr., helped pursue her case and get her released. On October 6, John Osgood Sr. joined with Nathaniel Dane, husband of Deliverance Dane, to pay 500 pounds for the release of two children of Nathaniel’s sister, Abigail Dane Faulkner.  On October 15, John Osgood Sr. and John Bridges paid a bond of 500 pounds for the release of Mary Bridges Jr. In January, John Osgood Jr. joined again with John Bridges, paying a bond of 100 pounds, for release of Mary Bridges Sr. In a petition, undated but probably from January, more than 50 Andover neighbors signed on behalf of Mary Osgood, Eunice Fry, Deliverance Dane, Sarah Wilson Sr., and Abigail Barker, attesting to their likely innocence and their integrity and piety. The petition stressed that their confessions were made under pressure and were not to be trusted. In June of 1703, another petition was entered on behalf of Martha Osgood, Martha Tyler, Deliverance Dane, Abigail Barker, Sarah Wilson, and Hannah Tyler to gain their exoneration. After the Trials In 1702, Mary Osgood’s son, Samuel, married Deliverance Dane’s daughter Hannah. Marty was later released from jail, probably on bond, and died in 1710.